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The objective of this study is to review the current evidence for pharmacologic treatment of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    .\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Medline<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , Psyc\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INFO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DARE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , OpenGrey, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to February 2017. Articles were selected and reviewed independently. Evidence was graded using Oxford Center for Evidence\u2010Based Medicine guidelines. The search resulted in 1262 articles with 63 of them eligible for inclusion (205 human subjects). There were 4 prospective level\u20102, 3 retrospective level\u20103 studies, 12 level\u20104 case series, and 44 level\u20105 case reports. Among level\u20102 studies (64 subjects), tricyclic antidepressants (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s) and lorazepam were discussed as effective long\u2010 and short\u2010term treatments, respectively, in two studies. Ondansetron, promethazine, diphenhydramine, and opioids were also mentioned, but the authors did not comment on their efficacy. Among level\u20103 studies (43 subjects), one reported effective treatment with antiepileptics zonisamide and levetiracetam, but not\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s. Another reported favorable response to morphine, ondansetron, and lorazepam but did not specify the actual number of patients receiving specific treatment. Among the level\u20104 case series (54 subjects), benzodiazepines, haloperidol, and capsaicin were reported as helpful. For level\u20105 case reports (44 subjects), benzodiazepines, metoclopramide, haloperidol, ondansetron, morphine, and capsaicin were reported as effective. Effective treatments mentioned only once included fentanyl, diazepam, promethazine, methadone, nabilone, levomepromazine, piritramide, and pantoprazole. Hot showers and baths were cited in all level\u20104 and \u20105 articles as universally effective. High\u2010quality evidence for pharmacologic treatment of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    is limited. Benzodiazepines, followed by haloperidol and capsaicin, were most frequently reported as effective for acute treatment, and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s for long\u2010term treatment. As the prevalence of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    increases, future prospective trials are greatly needed to evaluate and further define optimal pharmacologic treatment of patients with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]],"date-time":"2017-04-03T17:16:41Z","timestamp":1491239801000},"page":"725-734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Pharmacologic Treatment of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"John R.","family":"Richards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of California Davis Medical Center Sacramento California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent K.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of California Davis Medical Center Sacramento California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron R.","family":"Danielson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of California Davis Medical Center Sacramento California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimee K.","family":"Moulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of California Davis Medical Center Sacramento California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).World Drug Report 2016. 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