{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:38:05Z","timestamp":1789580285450,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]],"date-time":"2017-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007705","name":"Astellas Pharma Global Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007705","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To estimate the incidence of 10 common cancers among patients treated with antimuscarinic medications for overactive bladder (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMOABs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Source<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>United Kingdom's Clinical Practice Research Datalink.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 119,912 adults with no previous cancer diagnosis who were new users of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMOAB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s\u2014darifenacin, fesoterodine, oxybutynin, solifenacin, tolterodine, or trospium\u2014between January 2004 and December 2012.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sex\u2010specific incidence rates per 1000 person\u2010years and 95% confidence intervals (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) were estimated for each study cancer (bladder, breast, colorectal, lung, melanoma, non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma, pancreatic, prostate, renal, and uterine cancer) overall and stratified by time since cohort entry and by cumulative\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMOAB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      dose. Among the 119,912 patients followed for 399,365 person\u2010years, 4117 incident study cancers occurred. The incidence rate of prostate cancer was 14.2 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      12.9\u201315.5) in the year after cohort entry and decreased markedly thereafter. The incidence rate of bladder cancer was also higher in the year after cohort entry than subsequently (men: 5.5, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      4.8\u20136.4; women: 1.2, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.0\u20131.5). The incidence rates of both prostate and bladder cancer decreased with increasing cumulative dose of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMOAB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . We observed no similar relations between incidence rates of other study cancers and time since cohort entry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      High incidence rates of bladder and prostate cancer soon after\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMOAB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      initiation and a negative correlation between incidence and cumulative\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMOAB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      dose suggest that protopathic bias is a more likely explanation for these findings than causality. (Protopathic bias in this context means patients\u2019 urinary symptoms prompted treatment with an\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMOAB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , but the symptoms were actually due to a cancer that was already present, although not yet diagnosed or not yet recorded.) To avoid unnecessary delays in the diagnosis of prostate and bladder cancer, physicians should consider these diseases in patients for whom treatment with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMOAB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s is indicated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]],"date-time":"2017-04-03T17:06:24Z","timestamp":1491239184000},"page":"673-683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cancer Incidence after Initiation of Antimuscarinic Medications for Overactive Bladder in the United Kingdom: Evidence for Protopathic Bias"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"James A.","family":"Kaye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology RTI Health Solutions Waltham Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea V.","family":"Margulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology RTI Health Solutions Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Fortuny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology RTI Health Solutions Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa J.","family":"McQuay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Data Analysis RTI Health Solutions Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estel","family":"Plana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics RTI Health Solutions Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Bartsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics RTI Health Solutions Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine L.","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology RTI Health Solutions Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Perez\u2010Gutthann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology RTI Health Solutions Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Arana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology RTI Health Solutions Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20798","article-title":"An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)\/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction","volume":"1","author":"Haylen BT","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e2365"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1003849"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"GormleyE LightnerD BurgioK et\u00a0al.Diagosis and treatment of overactive bladder (non\u2010neurogenic) in adults: AUA\/SUFU guideline 2014. 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