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Despite significant advances in the design and longevity of the device, the ongoing risk for bleeding remains a significant concern. The genesis of gastrointestinal bleeding (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) in patients with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s is likely multifactorial and may include components of acquired von Willebrand disease, angiodysplasia, and gastrointestinal arteriovenous malformations, as well as additional risk factors such as history of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and increased age. Several pharmacotherapy options have been used, but the data surrounding their overall efficacy remain sparse. The necessity for larger prospective studies is essential to further advance the management of this devastating complication. Within this review, we discuss the known pathophysiologic process of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2013related\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and highlight the therapeutic options discussed within the literature. In addition, we discuss potential therapeutic options based on mechanisms of action as they correlate to known pathophysiologic processes of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2013related\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Finally, we provide recommendations for constructing drug therapy regimens in patients with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s who develop\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,22]],"date-time":"2017-08-22T03:32:38Z","timestamp":1503372758000},"page":"1432-1448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Pharmacotherapeutic Management of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Continuous\u2010Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Adam C.","family":"Sieg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy D.","family":"Moretz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Allegheny General Hospital Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas L.","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy New York\u2010Presbyterian Hospital \u2013 Columbia University Medical Center New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"United Network for Organ Sharing. 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