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To demonstrate that shorter durations of antibiotic therapy are as efficacious as longer durations for many infections, a systematic review was undertaken of English\u2010language articles by using PubMed to identify articles for inclusion. Additionally, infection\u2010specific guidelines were identified for review of recommendations. Search terms included <jats:italic>specific infection types, randomized controlled trial (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>), duration of therapy, treatment duration, short course,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>long course<\/jats:italic>. Only <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>s of single\u2010agent antibiotic therapy for the treatment of bacterial infections in adults were included. Independent data extraction of articles was conducted by two authors by using predefined guidance for article inclusion. In total, 23 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>s met our criteria for inclusion. All trials compared single\u2010agent antibiotics for a short and long antibiotic course in six common infections: community\u2010acquired pneumonia, ventilator\u2010associated pneumonia, intraabdominal infections, skin and soft tissue infections, uncomplicated cystitis, and complicated cystitis or pyelonephritis. Clinicians can decrease net antibiotic use by recommending shorter courses where evidence supports them. Antimicrobial stewardship programs that systematically address treatment duration may significantly affect institutional antibiotic use without negatively affecting patient care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,20]],"date-time":"2018-04-20T23:42:15Z","timestamp":1524267735000},"page":"674-687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Shortened Courses of Antibiotics for Bacterial Infections: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Alexandra M.","family":"Hanretty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Christopher's Hospital for Children Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8532-0887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason C.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(01)00066-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2008.02.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2002.11223.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2014.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2007.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM194506282322601"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"142","article-title":"The treatment of lobar pneumonia and pneumococcal empyema with penicillin","volume":"20","author":"Tillett WS","year":"1944","journal-title":"Bull N Y Acad Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656596"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society.Top 20 pneumonia facts\u20102015. 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