{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T23:57:33Z","timestamp":1769126253359,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]],"date-time":"2019-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013M3A9B5075838"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013M3A9B5075838"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Study Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Statins are widely used for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Several large randomized trials have suggested that statins might increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH); studies have also shown interethnic variability in responses to statins. This study aimed to determine the association between statin use and the risk of ICH in patients with hyperlipidemia among a Korean population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Population\u2010based, retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Source<\/jats:title><jats:p>Korean National Health Insurance Service\u2013National Sample Cohort database (2002\u20132015).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 313,368 patients, aged 40\u201385\u00a0years, without a history of hemorrhagic stroke were included after being diagnosed with hyperlipidemia between January 2003 and December 2013 (for follow\u2010up through December 2015). Of those, statin users were compared with nonusers by using propensity score matching in a 1:1 ratio (21,797 in each group). The study groups were matched for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, follow\u2010up duration, comorbidities, and concurrent medications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary endpoint was occurrence of an ICH event. Secondary endpoints were mortality (all\u2010cause, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event related, and stroke related) and outcomes after ICH (e.g., recurrent ICH and mortality after primary ICH event). The Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the ICH risk of statins. Subgroup analyses were performed based on ICH\u2010related risk factors. During a mean follow\u2010up period of 6.4\u00a0years, ICH occurred in 456 of the 43,594 patients (1.05%). Statin use was significantly associated with a decreased ICH risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65\u20130.94). Compared with nonusers, statin users showed significantly lower all\u2010cause mortality (aHR 0.61, 95% CI 0.57\u20130.64), cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease\u2010related mortality (aHR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65\u20130.85), and stroke\u2010related mortality (aHR 0.69, 95% CI 0.54\u20130.88). No significant differences in recurrence and mortality after an ICH event were noted between study groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Statin therapy was associated with a decreased ICH risk and improvements in ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes in Korean patients with hyperlipidemia. Further large\u2010scale clinical studies are needed to clarify the impact of statins on the risk of developing ICH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,26]],"date-time":"2018-12-26T05:44:13Z","timestamp":1545803053000},"page":"129-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effects of Statin Therapy on the Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Korean Patients with Hyperlipidemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Minji","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Ajou University Suwon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8830-4353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sukhyang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Ajou University Suwon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000558"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2016.00864"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09327-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70058-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61368-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.08.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69472-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.488791"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15690-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061894"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000296277.63350.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.019141"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.055269"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318483"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.546259"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182194be9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70340-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/18.1.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"e15\u2010e","article-title":"Cohort profile: the National Health Insurance Service\u2013National Sample Cohort (NHIS\u2010NSC), South Korea","volume":"46","author":"Lee J","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.487090"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610910902859574"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12539"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092388"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.655894"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.10.2442"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-0110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2012.27.3.317"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.101.1.0104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000080678.09344.8D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-012-1234-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61350-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12765"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197518"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018975928974"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-017-0552-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02747.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.645978"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.487"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001829"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.493106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.06.057"}],"container-title":["Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fphar.2211","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/phar.2211","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:57:46Z","timestamp":1761062266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/phar.2211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/phar.2211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/phar.2211","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-0008","1875-9114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-0008","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-9114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-01-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}