{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:05:26Z","timestamp":1772755526412,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,23]],"date-time":"2019-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011866","name":"Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL129938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL129938"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011866","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Study Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess whether a macrolide\u2010based antibiotic treatment strategy reduces in\u2010hospital mortality, decreases hospital readmissions, or improves other clinically important outcomes compared with a non\u2010macrolide antibiotic treatment strategy in critically ill patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AECOPD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Propensity score\u2013matched pharmacoepidemiologic cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Source<\/jats:title><jats:p>Premier's Perspective Hospital Database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 28,700 adults aged 40\u00a0years or older who were admitted to one of 566 United States intensive care units and had the primary diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AECOPD<\/jats:styled-content> between January 2010 and December 2014 and received antibiotic treatment within 2\u00a0days of hospital admission were included. Patients were divided into macrolide (11,602 patients [40%]) or non\u2010macrolide (17,098 patients [60%]) antibiotic treatment groups. Propensity score analysis successfully matched 8660 patients in each treatment group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the matched cohort, the macrolide treatment group was not associated with decreased hospital mortality after day 2 (3.0% vs 3.3%, p=0.28), intensive care unit length of stay (2\u00a0days vs 2\u00a0days, p=0.12), hospital length of stay (6\u00a0days vs 6\u00a0days, p=0.86), or length of assisted ventilation (3\u00a0days vs 3\u00a0days, p=0.71), compared with the non\u2010macrolide treatment group. However, a macrolide\u2010based antibiotic regimen was associated with an overall reduction in 30\u2010day hospital readmissions (7.3% vs 8.8%, p&lt;0.01), increased time to next all\u2010cause (159 vs 130\u00a0days, p&lt;0.01) or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AECOPD<\/jats:styled-content> (200 vs 175\u00a0days, p=0.03) readmission, and decreased hospital costs ($32,730 vs $34,021, p&lt;0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study suggest that inclusion of a macrolide antibiotic in the treatment regimen may have both acute and sustained benefits in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit with an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AECOPD<\/jats:styled-content>, including reductions in hospital readmissions and improvements in time to next readmission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T06:29:18Z","timestamp":1548052158000},"page":"242-252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Impact of Macrolide Antibiotics on Hospital Readmissions and Other Clinically Important Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Propensity Score\u2013Matched Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7415-3999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyree H.","family":"Kiser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Colorado Aurora Colorado"},{"name":"Colorado Pulmonary Outcomes Research Group (CPOR) University of Colorado Aurora Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7159-0517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul M.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Colorado Aurora Colorado"},{"name":"Colorado Pulmonary Outcomes Research Group (CPOR) University of Colorado Aurora Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado Pulmonary Outcomes Research Group (CPOR) University of Colorado Aurora Colorado"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine University of Colorado Aurora Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen L.","family":"Burnham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado Pulmonary Outcomes Research Group (CPOR) University of Colorado Aurora Colorado"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine University of Colorado Aurora Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. 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