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Neurodevelopmental disorders encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders including, but not limited to, Smith\u2010Magenis syndrome, Lesch\u2010Nyhan disease, cri du chat syndrome, Prader\u2010Willi syndrome, pervasive developmental disorders, fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, Cornelia de Lange syndrome, and Down syndrome. Self\u2010injurious behaviors (SIBs) are common in children with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s; depending on the specific\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , the incidence of SIBs is nearly 100%. The management of SIBs in this population is complex, and little high\u2010quality data exist to guide a consistent approach to therapy. However, managing SIBs is of the utmost importance for the child as well as the family and caregivers. Behavior therapies must be implemented as first\u2010line therapy. If behavioral interventions alone fail, pharmacotherapy becomes an essential part of management plans. The limited available evidence for the use of common pharmacologic agents, such as second\u2010generation antipsychotics, and less common agents, such as clonidine, n\u2010acetylcysteine, riluzole, naltrexone, and topical anesthetics, is reviewed. Additional data from well\u2010designed studies in children with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s are needed to gain a better understanding of this common and troublesome problem including efficacy and safety implications associated with pharmacotherapy. Until then, clinicians must rely on the limited available data, clinical expertise, and ongoing systematic monitoring when managing SIBs in children with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T05:44:25Z","timestamp":1550814265000},"page":"645-664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Management of Self\u2010injurious Behaviors in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Pharmacotherapy Overview"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Ashley","family":"Sabus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Feinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research &amp; Delivery Science University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora Colorado"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado"},{"name":"Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Romani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora Colorado"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Goldson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado"},{"name":"Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3126-4204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison","family":"Blackmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora Colorado"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Aurora Colorado"},{"name":"Special Care Clinic Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2015.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3279-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2012.01534.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920207783591717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e328365ab89"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/spen.2001.29042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2015-1716"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-2851L"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1990.tb02372.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)92990-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"Foundation for Prader\u2010Willi Research. 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