{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:51:51Z","timestamp":1791669111435,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gabapentin has been proved to be beneficial in promoting abstinence, decreasing alcohol cravings, and improving mood and sleep quality when given at higher doses; however, data are limited regarding the efficacy and safety of using high\u2010dose gabapentin as part of the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AWS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of high\u2010dose gabapentin on benzodiazepine requirements, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, and hospital length of stay in patients hospitalized with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AWS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Large academic medical center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All adults presenting to the emergency department between January 2015 and April 2018 with a diagnosis of severe\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AWS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol Scale, Revised [\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIWA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010Ar] score \u2265\u00a015) and prescribed the institution's alcohol withdrawal agitated delirium protocol were eligible for inclusion in the study. Of these, 50 patients who received high\u2010dose gabapentin (\u2265\u00a01800\u00a0mg\/day) in the first 48\u00a0hours of hospital admission (treatment group) were propensity score\u2013matched to 50 patients who did not receive gabapentin (control group).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients who received high\u2010dose gabapentin required a significantly lower overall amount of benzodiazepines (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      109.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a053.4\u00a0mg vs 88.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a035.6\u00a0mg [lorazepam equivalents], p=0.023) and had a significantly lower mean\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIWA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010Ar score (10.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.7 vs 7.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.9, p=0.010) and maximum\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIWA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010Ar score (16.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.0 vs 12.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.1, p=0.016) on day 3 of hospitalization. The high\u2010dose gabapentin regimen was well tolerated, without an increased risk of oversedation, compared with the control group (Richmond Agitation\u2010Sedation Scale score &lt;\u00a0\u22121: 34% in the treatment group vs 20% in the control group, p=0.115). Patients receiving high\u2010dose gabapentin had a shorter length of hospital stay (7.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.0\u00a0days vs 6.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.6\u00a0days, p=0.034) and increased likelihood of being discharged home (66% vs 88%, p=0.009) compared with the control group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early initiation of high\u2010dose gabapentin was associated with a significant reduction in benzodiazepine exposure, faster stabilization of alcohol withdrawal\u2013related symptoms, and shorter hospital length of stay. Future studies evaluating gabapentin's effect on long\u2010term safety and hospital readmission are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,6]],"date-time":"2019-07-06T06:43:58Z","timestamp":1562395438000},"page":"881-888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["High\u2010Dose Gabapentin for the Treatment of Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8838-1332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander R.","family":"Levine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice University of Saint Joseph School of Pharmacy &amp; Physician Assistant Studies Hartford Connecticut"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center Hartford Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorna","family":"Carrasquillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saint Joseph School of Pharmacy Hartford Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center Hartford Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Ismail","family":"Nounou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Science University of Saint Joseph School of Pharmacy &amp; Physician Assistant Studies Hartford Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar R.","family":"Naut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center Hartford Connecticut"},{"name":"UConn Health Farmington Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danyal","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity Health of New England Hartford Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0584"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000067980.18461.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12529"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1407298"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1770"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181ec5412"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028016629161"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-015-0358-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200601000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318192fcf9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1448"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-015-0240-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-014-0430-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066614554908"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2005.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1R751"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.11950"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000088905.24613.ad"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.00986.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agp085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490500419110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028015585849"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020617"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028015607038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2008.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028015620800"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24869\/psyd.2018.142"}],"container-title":["Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fphar.2309","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/phar.2309","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/phar.2309","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/phar.2309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T17:53:13Z","timestamp":1761069193000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/phar.2309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/phar.2309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/phar.2309","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-0008","1875-9114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-0008","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-9114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-07-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}