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Study [\n WIHS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ]).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 4150 women enrolled in the\n WIHS<\/jats:styled-content>\n study between 1994 and 2014 who were infected (3119 women) or not infected (1031 women) with\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Data on medication utilization were collected from all study participants via interviewer\u2010administered surveys at 6\u2010month intervals (1994\u20132014). Mortality was confirmed by National Death Index data. With age defining the time scale for the analysis, Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) for all\u2010cause mortality in\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010infected and \u2010uninfected women and non\u2013acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (\n AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) deaths in\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010infected women. A total of 1046 deaths were identified, of which 429 were considered non\u2010\n AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n deaths. Use of benzodiazepines,\n CNS<\/jats:styled-content>\n depressants (excluding methadone), and number of medications with conditional\n QT<\/jats:styled-content>\n c interval\u2013prolonging effects were each associated with all\u2010cause mortality in multivariate models of\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010infected women: hazard ratio (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) 1.28, 95% confidence interval (\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) 1.01\u20131.60, p=0.037;\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.61, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.35\u20131.92, p<0.0001; and\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.15 per drug, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.00\u20131.33, p=0.047, respectively. Other explanatory variables for all\u2010cause mortality in this model included\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n viral load,\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n \u00a0cell count, renal function, hemoglobin and albumin levels,\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n treatment era, employment status, existence of depressive symptoms, ever use of injection drugs, and tobacco smoking. Of interest, use of\n CNS<\/jats:styled-content>\n depressants (excluding methadone) was also associated with non\u2010\n AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n deaths (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.49, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.49\u20132.2, p<0.0001). Although use of benzodiazepines and conditional\n QT<\/jats:styled-content>\n interval\u2013prolonging medications were associated with increased risk of non\u2010\n AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n mortality (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.32 and 1.25, respectively), the effect was not statistically significant (p>0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n In this cohort of\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010infected and at\u2010risk\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010uninfected women, use of benzodiazepines,\n CNS<\/jats:styled-content>\n depressants, and conditional\n QT<\/jats:styled-content>\n c interval\u2013prolonging medications were associated with a higher risk of mortality independent of methadone and other well\u2010recognized mortality risk factors. Care must be taken to assess risk when prescribing these medications in this underserved and at\u2010risk patient population.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T22:53:15Z","timestamp":1563835995000},"page":"899-911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association between Use of Methadone, Other Central Nervous System Depressants, and\n QT<\/scp>\n c Interval\u2013Prolonging Medications and Risk of Mortality in a Large Cohort of Women Living with or at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7341-455X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bani","family":"Tamraz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy University of California, San Francisco San Francisco 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