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First\u2010line therapy for <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection includes clarithromycin triple therapy (clarithromycin, proton pump inhibitor [PPI], and amoxicillin or metronidazole), bismuth quadruple therapy (bismuth salt, PPI, tetracycline, and metronidazole or amoxicillin), or concomitant therapy (clarithromycin, PPI, amoxicillin, and metronidazole). However, many patients have relative contraindications to the antibiotics included in these regimens, making therapy selection difficult. Furthermore, failure of initial therapy makes selection of second\u2010line therapy challenging due to concerns for potential resistance to agents included in the initial regimen. This review discusses <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> microbiology, including antibiotic resistance, and summarizes the existing evidence for first\u2010 and second\u2010line treatment regimens that may be considered for special populations such as patients with penicillin allergies, patients with or at risk for QTc\u2010interval prolongation, and patients who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or elderly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,10]],"date-time":"2019-08-10T10:29:09Z","timestamp":1565432949000},"page":"1012-1022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Treatment of <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> in Special Patient Populations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8530-6890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle A.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center Winston Salem North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1370-4694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Nisly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Wingate University Wingate North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Southeast Louisiana Veteran Health Care System New Orleans Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315384"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.563"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036078"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14561"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00033-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13497"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302254"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-5378.2002.00096.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312288"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.30.3.510"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.28.6.837"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"Methods for antimicrobial dilution and disk susceptibility testing of infrequently isolated or fastidious bacteria. 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