{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T14:24:14Z","timestamp":1783693454590,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events prompting labeling revisions cautioning their use among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known regarding long\u2010term trends in real\u2010world prescribing of NSAIDs within the CVD population. We aimed to characterize the use of prescription NSAIDs among U.S. adults with CVD from 1988 to 2016.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cross\u2010sectional data from 1988\u20131994 and 19992016 to identify participants aged greater than or equal to 18\u00a0years with hypertension (defined by self\u2010report, mean blood pressure \u2265\u00a0140\/90\u00a0mm Hg, or antihypertensive medication use), or aged greater than or equal to 20\u00a0years with self\u2010reported congestive heart failure (CHF), coronary heart disease (CHD), angina, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke. Prevalence of prescription NSAID use was analyzed in 6\u2010year examination periods. Weighted logistic regression was performed to test time trends in prescription NSAID use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, prescription NSAID use declined among all CVD populations. The highest prevalence of overall prescription NSAID use was observed during the 1999\u20132004 examination years, thereafter declining through the 2005\u20132010 and 2011\u20132016 examination years: in patients with hypertension (13.9% [1999\u20132004] to 8.5% [2011\u20132016]), CHF (14.6%\u20138.5%), CHD (16.3%\u20137.4%), angina (17.6%\u20138.5%), MI (16.1%\u20139.0%), and stroke (15.7%\u20137.9%). Decreased use of COX\u20102\u2010selective inhibitors was observed during the same period; whereas, nonselective NSAID use remained relatively stable. Trends in prescription NSAID use were reflective of the general adult population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prescription NSAID use among patients with CVD appears to have declined from 1988 to 2016, primarily due to reduced COX\u20102\u2010selective inhibitor use. Nonetheless, the prevalence of prescription NSAIDs has persisted among a subset of high\u2010risk CVD populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T00:20:23Z","timestamp":1606263623000},"page":"247-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["U.S. trends in prescription nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drug use among patients with cardiovascular disease, 1988\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9766-7711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew Y.","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy High Point University High Point North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0201-839X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy College of Pharmacy, and Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.02.025"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"e1144","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk of nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs: an under\u2010recognized public health issue","volume":"9","author":"Varga Z","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2016.04.011"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"e13","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"71","author":"Whelton PK","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"e240","article-title":"2013 ACCF\/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines","volume":"128","author":"Yancy CW","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2016-000550"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3463"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.4273"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40256-016-0212-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmx142"},{"issue":"184","key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"National health and nutrition examination survey, 2015\u20132018: sample design and estimation procedures. National Center for Health Statistics","volume":"2","author":"Chen TC","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/030079907X210561"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1584"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-12-93"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13537"}],"container-title":["Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/phar.2488","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/phar.2488","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/phar.2488","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T16:53:59Z","timestamp":1761065639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/phar.2488"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/phar.2488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/phar.2488","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-0008","1875-9114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-0008","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-9114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}