{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:42:20Z","timestamp":1761093740111,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed cumulative antiretroviral exposure\u2014using tenofovir diphosphate (TFV\u2010DP) in dried blood spots (DBS)\u2014in persons with HIV (PWH) receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)\u2010based antiretroviral therapy (ART) as single\u2010tablet regimens (STR) or multiple\u2010tablet regimens (MTR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood for DBS was prospectively collected in PWH on TDF during 1144 person visits (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0523). Linear mixed\u2010effects models, adjusted for baseline characteristics, were used to compare TFV\u2010DP in STR versus MTR. Models adjusted for ART regimen using either anchor drug class, pharmacokinetic booster status (unboosted [u\/] or boosted [b\/]), or a combined STR\/MTR and booster categorical variable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the anchor class\u2010adjusted model, STR had 19% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3%\u201337%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02) higher TFV\u2010DP concentrations than MTR. However, in the booster\u2010adjusted model, STR was not significantly higher than MTR (estimate 5%, 95% CI: \u22129% to 21%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.48), although PWH on b\/ART had 35% (95% CI: 16%\u201358%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0001) higher TFV\u2010DP than u\/ART. In the STR\/MTR\u2010boosted variable model, when compared to u\/MTR, b\/STR, b\/MTR, and u\/STR had 25% (95% CI: 7%\u201347%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005), 37% (95% CI: 17%\u201359%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), and 7% (95% CI: \u22127% to 24%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.34) higher TFV\u2010DP, respectively. Compared with b\/MTR, b\/STR had 9% (95% CI: \u221231% to 10%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.37) lower TFV\u2010DP. In a sensitivity analysis of PWH with HIV viral load &lt;20\u2009copies\/ml at all visits, b\/STR and b\/MTR had 34% (95% CI: 16%\u201355%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and 12% (95% CI: \u22122% to 27%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.09) higher TFV\u2010DP, respectively, compared with u\/MTR, while u\/STR had 4% (95% CI: \u221215% to 8%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.50) lower TFV\u2010DP. Compared with b\/MTR, b\/STR had 17% (95% CI: 2%\u201330%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03) higher TFV\u2010DP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Persons with HIV on b\/TDF\u2010based ART had higher TFV\u2010DP than u\/ART, regardless of STR or MTR use. No significant differences in TFV\u2010DP between regimens of the same boosting status (i.e., b\/STR vs. b\/MTR; u\/STR vs. u\/MTR) were observed in the full cohort. Future research should examine the clinical utility of these findings in patient\u2010tailored ART selection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T04:31:14Z","timestamp":1655353874000},"page":"641-650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cumulative tenofovir diphosphate exposure in persons with <scp>HIV<\/scp> taking single\u2010 vs. multiple\u2010tablet regimens"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Ryan P.","family":"Coyle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine University of Colorado\u2010AMC  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Morrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Colorado School of Public Health  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