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We hypothesized that the use of MO\u2010IFE would be independently associated with reduced infection rates compared with SO\u2010IFE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary referral children's hospital and its associated gastrointestinal rehabilitation clinic (01 January, 2015\u201331 July, 2019).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>Days of IFE exposure were counted for patients aged &lt;18\u2009years on IFE initiated during the review period, who had a central venous catheter (CVC) placed for PN administration, received IFE at least three times weekly, and for at least 7\u2009days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary outcome included total and categorical CR\u2010BSI rates expressed as the average with standard error (SE) number of infections per 1000 fat emulsion days. The following categories were specified: <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>, non\u2010<jats:italic>albicans Candida<\/jats:italic> spp., coagulase\u2010negative <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> (CoNS), Enterobacterales, methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>, methicillin\u2010susceptible <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>, and Pseudomonadales. Average infection rate comparisons were quantified as incidence rate ratios (IRR) using generalized linear mixed modeling with a Poisson distribution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven hundred and forty\u2010three SO\u2010IFE and 450 MO\u2010IFE exposures were reviewed from 1131 patients, totaling 37,599 and 19,796\u2009days of therapy, respectively. From those found significantly different, the average rate of infections with CoNS was 3.58 (SE 0.5)\/1000\u2009days of SO\u2010IFE and 1.39 (SE 0.45)\/1000\u2009days of MO\u2010IFE (IRR [95% confidence interval, CI]: 0.27 [0.16\u20130.46]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Total average rates of infection were 7.33 (SE 0.76)\/1000\u2009days of SO\u2010IFE and 4.52 (SE 0.75)\/1000\u2009days of MO\u2010IFE (IRR [95% CI]: 0.60 [0.44\u20130.81]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Other factors associated with higher infection rates include female gender, neonatal age, and inpatient\u2010only IFE exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Receipt of MO\u2010IFE was associated with lower rates of CoNS and total CR\u2010BSIs compared with SO\u2010IFE in pediatric patients. These findings could have major implications on IFE selection for pediatric patients receiving PN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T04:55:49Z","timestamp":1667969749000},"page":"898-904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparison of catheter\u2010related bloodstream infection rates in pediatric patients receiving parenteral nutrition with soybean oil\u2010based intravenous fat emulsion versus a mixed oil fat emulsion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3138-8848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo R.","family":"Alvira\u2010Arill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy University of Tennessee Health Science Center  Memphis Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Department 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3929-6227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy University of Tennessee Health Science Center  Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0445-2077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian M.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy University of Tennessee Health Science Center  Memphis Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center  Memphis Tennessee 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