{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T07:56:35Z","timestamp":1767858995092,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD091295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD091295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12 HL137943"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12 HL137943"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24 AI148459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24 AI148459"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI125642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI125642"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polypharmacy increases the risk of drug\u2013drug interactions and adverse drug events. As obesity and rates of obesity\u2010associated comorbid chronic conditions continue to rise, an improved understanding of whether children with obesity experience higher risk of polypharmacy is needed. This study aimed to compare chronic medication polypharmacy prevalence among children with and without a diagnosis of obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a cross\u2010sectional examination of prescription data for children aged 2\u201318\u2009years prescribed \u22651 chronic medication using the 2019 Marketscan Medicaid database. Children with documented obesity were identified using medical visit diagnosis codes. Chronic medications included any \u226530\u2010day prescription with \u22652 dispensed refills. Polypharmacy was defined as the prescription of \u22652 chronic medications for \u22651 overlapping days. Chi\u2010squared tests compared polypharmacy prevalence and the distribution of chronic medication classes between children with and without obesity. Logistic regression determined the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of polypharmacy for children with obesity, adjusting for relevant demographic and clinical differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 634,671 included children, 12.2% had documented obesity. More than one\u2010half (52.7%) of children with obesity experienced polypharmacy compared with 47.6% of children without obesity (aOR 1.06 [95% confidence interval 1.04\u20131.08]). Chronic medication prescriptions, particularly for psychiatric and asthma medications, were more commonly prescribed among children with obesity than those without obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with documented obesity have higher polypharmacy prevalence than children without obesity. Clinicians must be aware of this risk and minimize inappropriate polypharmacy whenever possible. Future work should examine the consequences of polypharmacy, including drug\u2013drug interactions and adverse drug events in children with obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]],"date-time":"2022-12-24T01:54:45Z","timestamp":1671846885000},"page":"588-595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Polypharmacy among medicaid\u2010insured children with and without documented obesity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5631-2228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Kyler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hospital Medicine Children's Mercy Kansas City  Kansas City Missouri USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine University of Missouri\u2010Kansas City  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hospital Medicine Children's Mercy Kansas City  Kansas City Missouri USA"},{"name":"Children's Hospital Association  Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6188-2658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James W.","family":"Antoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hospital Medicine Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics  Kansas City Missouri USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos G.","family":"Grijalva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology, Departments of Health Policy and Biomedical Informatics Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samir S.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Hospital Medicine and Infectious Diseases Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7737-8499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonya","family":"Tang\u00a0Girdwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Divisions of Hospital Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek J.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hospital Medicine Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3074-8805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James A.","family":"Feinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research &amp; Delivery Science, Children's Hospital Colorado University of Colorado  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4719"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3843"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40267-019-00650-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d3514"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2016-0245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2013.0120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3459"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2832"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-019-00372-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2019.25.12.1340"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-3397"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-199"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"Chronic Condition Indicator (CCI) for ICD\u201010\u2010CM (beta version). 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