{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T20:14:03Z","timestamp":1761164043003,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI153768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI153768"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030821","name":"College of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, University of Tennessee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030821","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015339","name":"ACCP Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to soybean\u2010oil and fish\u2010oil formulations, the use of mixed\u2010oil lipid injectable emulsion is associated with reduced catheter\u2010related bloodstream infection rates in pediatric patients receiving parenteral nutrition. The objective of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of fungal catheter\u2010related bloodstream infections in pediatric patients following receipt of parenteral nutrition with mixed\u2010oil (SMOFlipid) lipid injectable emulsion or other formulations (soybean\u2010oil [Intralipid] or fish\u2010oil [Omegaven]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients with fungal catheter\u2010related bloodstream infections following administration of parenteral nutrition and injectable lipid emulsion from five pediatric hospitals in the United States during a 5\u2010year period was conducted. Differences in a composite outcome of 30\u2010day mortality from first positive blood culture and\/or infection persistence based on type of lipid injectable emulsion received prior to infection were assessed through generalized linear mixed models with binomial distribution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One\u2010hundred twelve fungal catheter\u2010related bloodstream infections were assessed from 104 patients who received mixed\u2010oil lipid injectable emulsion (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200943) or other formulations (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200969) prior to infection. Thirty\u2010nine infections met the composite outcome (32 with persistent infection, three with 30\u2010day mortality, and four with both). On multivariable analysis, receipt of mixed\u2010oil lipid injectable emulsion demonstrated a non\u2010statistically significant increase in the composite outcome (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval {CI}]: 1.80 [0.75\u20134.34];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.19). Factors independently associated with the composite outcome include receipt of systemic antifungal prophylaxis (OR [95% CI]: 5.72 [1.33\u201324.7];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.019) and delay in central venous catheter removal (OR [95% CI]: 1.09 [1.01\u20131.19];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03). Notable factors not associated with the composite outcome included continued receipt of lipid injectable emulsion, empiric antifungal choice, time to antifungal administration, and gastrointestinal surgery within 90\u2009days prior to infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Use of mixed\u2010oil lipid injectable emulsion compared to other formulations (soybean\u2010oil or fish\u2010oil) demonstrated a non\u2010statistically significant increase in 30\u2010day mortality and\/or infection persistence from fungal catheter\u2010related bloodstream infections in pediatric patients receiving parenteral nutrition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.70037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T12:57:05Z","timestamp":1752411425000},"page":"486-494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of the association between mixed\u2010oil lipid injectable emulsion use and 30\u2010day mortality or infection persistence from fungal catheter\u2010related bloodstream infections in pediatric patients following receipt of parenteral nutrition: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3138-8848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo R.","family":"Alvira\u2010Arill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and 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