{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:48:03Z","timestamp":1791859683798,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting people of all ages. Both pharmacological and non\u2010pharmacological therapies are available for its treatment. However, some patients do not respond to first\u2010line pharmacological interventions, referred to as treatment\u2010resistant depression (TRD). Individuals with TRD face a significantly higher risk of mortality, including an increased risk of suicide. Additionally, TRD poses a substantial economic burden on health care systems. Various treatment options have been explored for TRD, including augmentation of an antidepressant through the use of an additional agent. Lithium salts have shown promising benefits in the TRD. Lithium requires close therapeutic monitoring due to its narrow therapeutic range, with well\u2010defined thresholds for efficacy and toxicity, in addition to its pharmacokinetic characteristics. Furthermore, lithium has been associated with a reduced risk of mortality by lowering aggression, impulsivity, and suicide rates. Compared with other agents used in the management of TRD\u2014such as atypical antidepressants, second\u2010generation antipsychotics (SGAs), ketamine, and thyroid hormones\u2014lithium is considered a cost\u2010effective augmentation option, alongside other evidence\u2010based strategies, and has a well\u2010established efficacy profile. This literature review examines the role of lithium as an augmentation agent in TRD, with a focus on its pharmacological and clinical properties, as well as the current evidence supporting its use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.70063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T11:44:42Z","timestamp":1758627882000},"page":"688-701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Lithium Augmentation in Treatment\u2010Resistant Depression: A Qualitative Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Acero\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Psiquiatr\u00eda y Salud Mental, Departamento de Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de La Sabana y Cl\u00ednica Universidad de La Sabana  Ch\u00eda 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