{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T11:42:00Z","timestamp":1777030920140,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82270915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82270915"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bile acids are indispensable modulators in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Our previous study identified that metformin and canagliflozin have similar efficacy in patients with PCOS combined with insulin resistance (IR). However, the effect of metformin or canagliflozin on bile acid metabolism in patients with PCOS has not been elucidated. The objective of this study was to use targeted metabolomics technology to compare alterations of circulating bile acid metabolites in patients with PCOS before and after treatment with metformin or canagliflozin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study was a subanalysis of a previous randomized open\u2010label study, in which patients with PCOS combined with IR were enrolled and treated with either metformin (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200935) or canagliflozin (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200933) for 12\u2009weeks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The serum bile acid profile was measured using high\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS). The differences in serum bile acid metabolites in patients with PCOS before and after treatment were analyzed. In addition, the correlation between bile acid metabolites and PCOS\u2010related clinical characteristics was evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were no significant differences in serum bile acid metabolites in patients with PCOS before and after canagliflozin treatment. Metformin treatment substantially decreased serum total bile acid levels in patients with PCOS, especially primary conjugated bile acids. The levels of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) showed significant differences from baseline in the serum of patients with PCOS after treatment with metformin. Correlation analysis showed that alterations of GCA, TCDCA, and GCDCA were associated with changes in multiple clinical parameters of patients with PCOS treated with metformin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effects of metformin and canagliflozin on bile acids metabolism in patients with PCOS are different. The beneficial effects of metformin on PCOS may be related to the changes in bile acid metabolites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      : NCT04700839\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.70092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T23:49:37Z","timestamp":1765928977000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Circulating Profiles of the Bile Acid Metabolomics in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Treated With Metformin or Canagliflozin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shan Xi Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital, Shan Xi Medical University  Taiyuan Shanxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meili","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan Shanxi China"},{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory for Immunomicroecology  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shan Xi Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital, Shan Xi Medical University  Taiyuan Shanxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shan Xi Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital, Shan Xi Medical University  Taiyuan Shanxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yikun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shan Xi Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital, Shan Xi Medical University  Taiyuan Shanxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2702-120X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan 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