{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T07:32:39Z","timestamp":1770535959483,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004686","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KFU253353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFU253353"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Escitalopram is considered a cornerstone therapy for major depression, but inter\u2010individual variations exist in its clinical efficacy. The current study aims to explore the possible association between serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) polymorphism\n 5HTTLPR\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n rs25531 and clinical efficacy of escitalopram in a Pakistani population suffering from major depressive disorder.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methodology<\/jats:title>\n \n This prospective observational analytical study was conducted from April 2023 to October 2024 in tertiary care hospitals. Four hundred and thirty depressive patients were recruited through non\u2010probability purposive sampling. Patients were treated with escitalopram 10\u2009mg once daily for 12\u2009weeks. Patients were enrolled based on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score of less than or equal to 20. Patients with a minimum 50% reduction in score at 12\u2009weeks were designated as responders. Genotyping of\n 5\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n HTTLPR\u2010\n r<\/jats:italic>\n s25531 was performed by allele\u2010specific polymerase chain reaction.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Responders and non\u2010responders of escitalopram therapy were 217 (50.50%) and 213 (49.5%) patients, respectively. Frequencies of LL, LS, and SS genotypes of\n HTTLPR<\/jats:italic>\n polymorphisms were 19%, 47%, and 34%, respectively, and frequencies of L and S alleles were 0.43 and 0.57, respectively. A higher percentage reduction in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was observed in patients carrying LL (60.05%\u2009\u00b1\u200921.24%) and LS (53.63%\u2009\u00b1\u200922.8%) genotypes compared to those having the SS genotype (32.22%\u2009\u00b1\u200916.59%).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n 5HTTLPR and rs\u201025,531 polymorphisms significantly influenced escitalopram efficacy, and patients carrying LL genotypes with L\n A<\/jats:sub>\n L\n A<\/jats:sub>\n haplotype and 2\u2009L functional group have better treatment response to escitalopram therapy compared to other groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.70098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T04:13:23Z","timestamp":1769660003000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Serotonin Transporter Gene\n 5HTTLPR rs25531<\/i>\n Polymorphism With Escitalopram Efficacy in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Faisal","family":"Afridi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nutrition The University of Haripur Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3704-0834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahbaz Ahmad","family":"Zakki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nutrition The University of Haripur Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafiullah","family":"Rafiullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Sciences & Informatics Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences Quetta Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4852-2938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ijaz Ul","family":"Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences King Faisal University Al\u2010Ahsa Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint13030038"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.10.008"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","article-title":"Perceptions Pertaining to Clinical Depression in Karachi, Pakistan","volume":"11","author":"Nisar M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20030280"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-06162-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00154-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721004943"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41397-021-00228-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2017.922"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-021-01064-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-020-02866-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.04.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1478-4574"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0000000000000315"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyad001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12020266"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47391\/JPMA.6072"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Association Between 5\u2010HTTLPR Polymorphism, Suicide Attempt and Comorbidity in Mexican Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder","volume":"47","author":"Sarmiento\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez E. I.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Actas Espa\u00f1olas de Psiquiatr\u00eda"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","first-page":"110","article-title":"No Interaction Between Childhood Maltreatment and Serotonin Transporter Gene in Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder: A Clinical Sample","volume":"56","author":"Ozcurumez G.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Archives of Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11111260"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.162094"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2009.01.010"}],"container-title":["Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/phar.70098","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/phar.70098","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/phar.70098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T06:49:02Z","timestamp":1770446942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/phar.70098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/phar.70098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/phar.70098","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-0008","1875-9114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-0008","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-9114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70098"}}