{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T03:48:58Z","timestamp":1791949738240,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009974","name":"Cardinal Tien Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTH\u2010110A\u20102217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTH\u2010110A\u20102217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009974","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009974","name":"Cardinal Tien Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTH\u2010112A\u20102215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTH\u2010112A\u20102215"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009974","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009974","name":"Cardinal Tien Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTH\u2010113A\u2010NDMC\u20102233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTH\u2010113A\u2010NDMC\u20102233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009974","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010infectious uveitis (NIU) is a chronic immune\u2010mediated ocular inflammatory disease that may cause irreversible visual impairment. The comparative efficacy and safety of systemic immunomodulatory therapies, including conventional agents and biologics, remain incompletely defined. This systematic review and network meta\u2010analysis evaluated systemic immunosuppressive therapies for NIU.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed\/MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection were searched from inception to May 2, 2026. Randomized controlled trials and prospective comparative cohort studies evaluating systemic immunomodulatory or biologic therapies for NIU were included. The primary efficacy outcome was treatment failure. Safety outcomes included mortality, urinary tract infection, upper respiratory tract infection, injection\u2010site reactions, ocular hypertension, macular edema, and headache. Random\u2010effects pairwise meta\u2010analysis and frequentist network meta\u2010analysis were performed using risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seven studies including 992 participants were included; six were randomized controlled trials and one was a prospective cohort. In the pairwise meta\u2010analysis, adalimumab significantly reduced treatment failure compared with placebo (RR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.58\u20130.78;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001; I\u00b2\u00a0=\u00a028.1%). The mortality estimate was inconclusive (RR, 3.80; 95% CI, 0.42\u201334.15), with three deaths in the adalimumab groups and none in the placebo groups. Adalimumab was associated with a higher risk of injection\u2010site reactions than placebo (RR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.73\u20134.12). Network meta\u2010analysis showed no significant differences for most safety outcomes, including upper respiratory tract infection, ocular hypertension, macular edema, and headache. Infliximab showed an imprecise urinary tract infection signal versus placebo (RR, 40.98; 95% CI, 1.82\u2013922.17), based on sparse events and one nonrandomized comparison.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adalimumab provides the most consistent evidence for reducing treatment failure in NIU. Comparative safety estimates, particularly for infliximab, remain uncertain and hypothesis\u2010generating. Larger, long\u2010term, head\u2010to\u2010head trials are required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.70184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T03:34:16Z","timestamp":1791948856000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Systemic Immunomodulatory Therapies for Non\u2010Infectious Uveitis: A Systematic Review With Pairwise and Network Meta\u2010Analyses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0540-1079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai\u2010Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (Linkou Branch)  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoi\u2010Chun","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6981-3411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi\u2010Ming","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Cardinal Tien Hospital  New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine Fu Jen Catholic University  New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.695904","article-title":"Epidemiology and Risk Factors in Non\u2010Infectious Uveitis: A Systematic Review","volume":"8","author":"Joltikov K. 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