{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T07:08:55Z","timestamp":1788851335287,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antihyperglycemic drugs have shown benefits in asthma control. However, evidence regarding the comparative effectiveness of glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101 RAs) and sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter\u20102 inhibitors (SGLT\u20102is) in reducing asthma exacerbations remains inconsistent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to evaluate the association of GLP\u20101 RAs versus SGLT\u20102is with risk of asthma exacerbation among patients with asthma and type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study used electronic health record data from the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network. Adults with asthma and type 2 diabetes who initiated GLP\u20101 RAs or SGLT\u20102is between January 1, 2013, and June 30, 2024, were included. The primary outcome was the time to first asthma exacerbation. Secondary outcomes included first episode of asthma symptoms or systemic corticosteroid use. Patients were followed for up to 6\u2009months in the main analysis. Propensity score matching was performed to balance baseline characteristics between groups. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 100,746 patients were included, comprising 61,955 GLP\u20101 RA users and 38,791 SGLT\u20102i users. After 1:1 matching, both groups consisted of 28,831 patients. GLP\u20101 RAs were associated with a decreased risk of asthma exacerbation compared with SGLT\u20102is (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85\u20130.91). GLP\u20101 RAs were also associated with a decreased risk of experiencing asthma symptoms (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82\u20130.97) and receiving systemic corticosteroids (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.76\u20130.82). Results from sensitivity analyses were generally consistent, but the association for asthma exacerbation was not observed when follow\u2010up was extended to 1\u2009year (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.89\u20131.02).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP\u20101 RAs were associated with a decreased risk of asthma exacerbation compared to SGLT\u20102is among patients with asthma and type 2 diabetes. As these findings reflect associations rather than causal effects, further investigation through randomized trials is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/phar70194-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.70194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T01:00:55Z","timestamp":1787187655000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antihyperglycemic Drugs and Risk of 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