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As a result, they need to have developed a method for dissipating excess energy obtained from periodic excessive sunlight exposure. Non\u2010photochemical quenching (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) dissipates excess energy as heat, however, the physical and molecular genetic mechanics of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    variation are not understood. In this study, we investigated the genetic loci involved in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    by first growing different\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                    accessions in local and seasonal climate conditions, then measured their\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    kinetics through development by chlorophyll fluorescence. We used genome\u2010wide association studies (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GWAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) to identify 15 significant quantitative trait loci (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QTL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) for a range of photosynthetic traits, including a\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QTL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    co\u2010located with known\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    gene\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    1G44575). We found there were large alternative regulatory segments between the\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    promoter regions of the functional haplotypes and a significant difference in PsbS protein concentration. These findings parallel studies in rice showing recurrent regulatory evolution of this gene. The variation in the\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    promoter and the changes underlying other\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QTL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s could give insight to allow manipulations of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in crops to improve their photosynthetic efficiency and yield.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pld3.138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T07:14:30Z","timestamp":1558595670000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["A Genome\u2010Wide Association Study of Non\u2010Photochemical Quenching in response to local seasonal climates in\n                    <i>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Tepsuda","family":"Rungrat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Natural resources and Environment Naresuan University  Phitsanulok Thailand"},{"name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Energy Biology Australian National University  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Almonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Energy Biology Australian National University  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riyan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego  La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter 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Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Pogson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Energy Biology Australian National University  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pip B.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Energy Biology Australian National University  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0424"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"e57152","article-title":"Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana growth behavior in different light 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