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This phenomenon is even more intriguing when the host itself is a holoparasitic plant with minimal photosynthetic capacity. In the stem of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Cuscuta campestris<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, the weevil <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Smicronyx madaranus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> forms galls that unexpectedly activate photosynthesis, in contrast to the typical suppression of photosynthetic activity observed in leaf\u2010derived galls. This reversal of the usual source\u2010to\u2010sink transition highlights a unique form of insect\u2010induced organogenesis. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we performed transcriptomic, histological, and physiological analyses of these galls. RNA\u2010seq across four developmental stages identified differentially expressed genes and associated gene ontology terms. Consistent with histological observations, genes related to cell division and the cell cycle were upregulated in early stage but decreased as the gall matured. Similar to leaf\u2010derived galls, we found high expression of <jats:italic>PLETHORA<\/jats:italic> and meristem\u2010related homeobox genes in early gall development, suggesting that induction of cell division is involved in various gall types. Interestingly, the expression of genes related to floral organ development increased through gall development. However, their expression patterns showed a marked temporal shift: Floral organ identity genes were highly expressed at the initial gall stage, whereas floral transition genes were activated later. This suggests that the weevil triggers ectopic activation of the flowering pathway in non\u2010floral tissues, potentially redirecting the typical flowering cascade to drive gall formation. Consistent with previous findings, photosynthesis\u2010related genes were highly expressed in later stage of galls, despite the host being a holoparasitic plant. Shading experiments confirmed that photosynthesis is crucial for both gall and the weevil growth. This study highlights how gall\u2010inducers can co\u2010opt host resources and genetic pathways, offering new insights into the complexity of plant\u2013insect interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pld3.70099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T15:00:09Z","timestamp":1755702009000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Parasitic\u2010Plant Parasite Rewires Flowering Pathways to Induce Stem\u2010Derived Galls"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Naga\u00a0Jyothi","family":"Udandarao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9816-5995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Ushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education University of Toyama  Toyama Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6065-4469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Tsuchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly University of Toyama  Toyama Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0018-9128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanako","family":"Bessho\u2010Uehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-018-1536-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Photosynthetic Activity of the Dodder Cuscuta campestris (Convolvulaceae) in Case of Plant Inhabitation by the Gallformed Weevil Smicronyx smreczynskii (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)","volume":"17","author":"Anikin V.","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Series Chemistry, Biology, Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"339","article-title":"Exogenous Phytohormones and the Induction of Plant Galls by Insects","volume":"8","author":"Bartlett L.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthropod\u2010Plant Interactions"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcg111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-11-18-0301-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab293"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erl095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-8783-3_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","article-title":"Molecular Aspects of Gall Formation Induced by Mites and Insects","volume":"13","author":"Desnitskiy A. 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