{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T07:49:40Z","timestamp":1791532180532,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pregnancy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OnabotulinumtoxinA is an effective preventive therapy for chronic migraine; however, data on fetal exposure during pregnancy are limited. We aimed to evaluate transplacental transfer of onabotulinumtoxinA using an ex vivo human placental perfusion model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five term placentas from uncomplicated singleton pregnancies were cannulated and perfused using a validated ex vivo model. OnabotulinumtoxinA (100 units in Trials 1 and 2; 200 units in Trials 3\u20135) was introduced into the maternal circuit with antipyrine (1\u00a0g\/L) as a positive transfer control. Maternal and fetal samples were collected every 30 min for 3\u00a0h. Fetal artery pressure and pH were monitored to ensure system integrity. Antipyrine was measured using ultra\u2010high performance liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry, and onabotulinumtoxinA using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OnabotulinumtoxinA was not detected in fetal samples at any time point. Antipyrine demonstrated expected transplacental transfer, confirming model validity. Maternal onabotulinumtoxinA concentrations decreased slightly over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OnabotulinumtoxinA was not detected in the fetal circulation under study conditions, suggesting minimal transplacental transfer. These preliminary findings support its potential use in pregnancy; however, in vivo studies are needed to confirm maternal\u2010fetal pharmacokinetics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmf2.70363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T12:48:06Z","timestamp":1787662086000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Xenobiotic transfer of onabotulinumtoxinA using an ex vivo human placental perfusion model: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Loza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Connecticut Health Center  Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Lotfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut  Storrs Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Connecticut Health Center  Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Aksenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut  Storrs Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Arome Science Inc.  Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Shields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Connecticut Health Center  Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30322-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global Burden of 369 Diseases and Injuries in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990\u20132019","volume":"396","author":"GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"344","article-title":"Headaches in Pregnancy and Postpartum","volume":"140","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"American Migraine Foundation.2017.Botox for Migraine. Accessed June 15 2026. Available at:https:\/\/americanmigrainefoundation.org\/resource\u2010library\/botox\u2010for\u2010migraine\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Allergan. \u201cAbout BOTOX\u00ae for Chronic Migraine.\u201dBOTOX\u00ae Chronic Migraine. Accessed June 15 2026. Available at:https:\/\/www.botoxchronicmigraine.com\/about\u2010botox."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3920"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024251327387"},{"issue":"76","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","article-title":"Determination of Xenobiotic Transport Across the Placenta Using the Ex Vivo Human Perfusion Model","volume":"18","author":"Grafm\u00fcller S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2010.01678.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2047-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2016.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199528030-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2021.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.05.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2017.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-0987(99)00031-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","volume-title":"Pathology of the Human Placenta","author":"Benirschke K.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vascular Biology of the Placenta","volume":"2","author":"Wang Y.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Colloquium Series on Integrated Systems Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.056127"}],"container-title":["Pregnancy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pmf2.70363","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pmf2.70363","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pmf2.70363","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T07:06:10Z","timestamp":1791529570000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pmf2.70363"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pmf2.70363"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pmf2.70363","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2997-9684","2997-9684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2997-9684","type":"print"},{"value":"2997-9684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70363"}}