{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T14:31:12Z","timestamp":1781015472249,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]],"date-time":"2016-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003248","name":"Ontario Mental Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003248","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Personality &amp; Mental Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is of interest to know if temporary and persistent personality disorders are associated with different outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cohort of 210 people with anxiety and depressive disorders was followed up on nine occasions over 12\u2009years. During this study, personality status was assessed at baseline and after 2\u2009years using two methods, one linked to the new International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD\u201011) severity codes. The impact on the symptomatic outcome and social function of temporary (i.e. personality disorder on one occasion only) and persistent personality disorder (personality disorder present on both occasions) was compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 162 patients studied we identified four groups (no personality disorder at any time (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200946), two with temporary personality disorder (baseline only (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200933) and 2\u2009years only (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928), and persistent personality disorder (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200955). Those with persistent personality disorder had significantly worse outcomes than other groups for self\u2010rated anxiety symptoms (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) and overall social function (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), 81% had a current DSM diagnosis at 12\u2009years compared with 52\u201365% in the other groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.03). Significantly, more patients with ICD\u201011 moderate or severe personality disorder at baseline had persistent personality disorder than had temporary disorders (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Persistent personality disorder is associated with more severe personality dysfunction and has a negative impact on the outcome of common mental disorder and particularly on long\u2010term social functioning. Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,12]],"date-time":"2016-01-12T03:45:02Z","timestamp":1452570302000},"page":"76-83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Long\u2010term impact of temporary and persistent personality disorder on anxiety and depressive disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Tyrer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mental Health Imperial College  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Tyrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mental Health Imperial College  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boliang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mental Health University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1978.tb02357.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.024026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.57.102904.190200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.067058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1263"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1305"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2006.00406.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e318257c6ab"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711002601"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.3.359"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1271"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.188.1.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi_2013_27_070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61283-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1234"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","article-title":"The impact of personality status on the cost and outcomes of cognitive behaviour therapy for health anxiety","author":"Sanatinia R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-0447.2003.00241.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2010.24.1.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22287"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM\u2010III\u2010R\u2013Patient Version (SCID\u2010P)","author":"Spitzer R. 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