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While associations between children's temperament and parent psychopathology have been reported, few studies have used observational measures of child temperament or examined trait interactions, particularly between children's affective and regulatory traits such as effortful control (EC). In this bottom\u2010up family study of 968 three\u2010year\u2010olds and their parents, we examined interactions between preschoolers' observed positive and negative affectivity (NA) and EC as predictors of a known marker of psychopathology risk: parent history of disorder. Children with lower positive affectivity had an increased probability of paternal depression history in the context of higher child NA. In addition, children with lower EC and higher NA had an increased probability of maternal anxiety. Findings shed new light on the main effects and interactions that account for associations between child temperament and parent history of disorder, one of the best\u2010established markers of an individual's own risk for future disorder, implicating reactive and regulatory traits that merit special consideration in future longitudinal work. Copyright \u00a9 2017 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T10:06:08Z","timestamp":1511258768000},"page":"131-144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Associations between observed temperament in preschoolers and parent psychopathology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Katie R.","family":"Kryski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Western University  London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Olino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Temple University  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret W.","family":"Dyson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California, San Diego  San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. 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