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A retrospective clinical file audit was used to identify the clinical manifestation of BPD for the first time at or above the age of 30, and to examine whether particular clinical and psychosocial factors may be associated with a later\u2010in\u2010life manifestation of BPD. Twenty\u2010three cases of late manifestation BPD were identified. People with late manifestation of BPD had similar risk factors and vulnerabilities, including childhood trauma, to the broader BPD population. They were distinguished by having higher levels of education, employment, and long\u2010term intimate relationships. Interpersonal problems, loss of employment and reminders of past sexual trauma were key precipitating factors. The findings underscore the legitimacy of a late\u2010manifestation diagnosis of BPD by demonstrating that BPD does not present exclusively during adolescence and early adulthood. BPD may present for the first time in later life in response to loss of protective factors or triggering of past trauma. This understanding may reduce misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis, prescription of inappropriate treatments or delays in receiving BPD\u2010appropriate treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T02:48:38Z","timestamp":1668566918000},"page":"165-175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Late manifestation of borderline personality disorder: Characterization of an under\u2010recognized phenomenon"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Jo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectrum Personality Disorder and Complex Trauma Service  Richmond Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Mental Health Program, Eastern Health  Box Hill Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian H.","family":"Broadbear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectrum Personality Disorder and Complex Trauma Service  Richmond Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Personality Disorder &amp; Complex Trauma Research and Innovation Centre  Richmond Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Eastern Health Clinical School Monash University  Box Hill Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Hope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Program, Eastern Health  Box Hill Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Eastern Health Clinical School Monash University  Box Hill Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9364-8831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sathya","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectrum Personality Disorder and Complex Trauma Service  Richmond Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Personality Disorder &amp; Complex Trauma Research and Innovation Centre  Richmond Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Clinical Sciences Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_9_2_1.1","unstructured":"ABS. 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