{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:06:04Z","timestamp":1773014764945,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]],"date-time":"2025-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]],"date-time":"2025-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Personality &amp;amp; Mental Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Psychotherapy may contribute to the experience of meaning in life. This study investigated meaning in life among patients with personality disorders during inpatient or day\u2010hospital psychotherapy. Meaning in life was approached from two conceptual perspectives: personality functioning with an emphasis on self\u2010direction and existential psychology. We investigated changes in the sense of meaning in life and accounted for changes in depressive symptoms and identity and interpersonal pathology. Using pre\u2013post measures, Livesley's General Assessment of Personality Disorder, especially, the Lack\u2010of\u2010Meaning\u2010Purpose\u2010and\u2010Direction subscale and Steger's Meaning\u2010in\u2010Life Presence subscale were administered to 75 patients with personality disorders during inpatient or day\u2010hospital psychotherapy for 8\u201312\u2009months. Regression models showed that levels of the lack and presence of meaning decreased and increased during treatment, respectively, controlled for changes in depressive symptoms. Decreased identity pathology was significantly associated with changes in the lack or presence of meaning. Meaning in life may act as an outcome variable in intensive psychotherapy for personality disorders. The development of identity and self\u2010direction may restore or create the ability to give life meaning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.70001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]],"date-time":"2025-01-26T18:49:09Z","timestamp":1737917349000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Meaning in Life as an Outcome of Inpatient or Day\u2010Hospital Psychotherapy for Personality Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4768-7642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelien","family":"Steen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GGz Centraal, Zwaluw &amp; Enk TOPGGz Expertise Centre for Transdiagnostic Psychotherapy  Ermelo The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Humanist Chaplaincy Studies for a Plural Society University of Humanistic Studies  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arjan\u00a0W.","family":"Braam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Humanist Chaplaincy Studies for a Plural Society University of Humanistic Studies  Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Department of Residency Training Altrecht Mental Health Care  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriaan\u00a0W.","family":"Hoogendoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Mental Health Amsterdam Public Health  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Berghuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NPI Centre for Personality Disorders  Amersfoort The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerrit","family":"Glas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Philosophy Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Symptom Checklist SCL\u201090. 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