{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:08:03Z","timestamp":1774271283297,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013342","name":"NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013342","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Personality &amp;amp; Mental Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>This paper examines the prevalence and comorbidity of complex post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) among individuals with probable personality disorder, using baseline data from the Structured Psychological Support clinical trial. The clinical characteristics and personality functioning of participants are summarised and compared between those meeting criteria for BPD, CPTSD, both or neither condition. Among 292 participants, 97% reported significant trauma exposure, and over half met the criteria for CPTSD. Those with CPTSD exhibited higher levels of social dysfunction and depression compared with those with BPD, despite both groups showing elevated emotion dysregulation and anxiety. Comorbidity of CPTSD and BPD was high, with 50% of the sample meeting criteria for both conditions. Participants with comorbid CPTSD and BPD displayed poorer baseline scores across all measures of mental health and functioning than those who met criteria for BPD alone. No statistically significant differences were found in suicidal behaviour or treatment\u2010seeking between groups. There were no significant differences in International Classification of Diseases\u201011 personality trait domains between participants with CPTSD and BPD, but people with comorbid CPTSD and BPD displayed higher levels of trait negative affectivity than those with BPD alone. The findings highlight the need for trauma\u2010informed assessments in clinical settings and a better understanding of the impact of CPTSD on treatment outcomes for people with personality disorder, including how existing treatments may need to be modified to better meet the needs of people with these highly comorbid conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current controlled trials ISRCTN13918289 (registered 11\/11\/2022)<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.70010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T23:49:03Z","timestamp":1740095343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mental Health and Personality Functioning of People With Probable Personality Disorder Who Have Coexisting Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Sapphira","family":"McBride","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6511-3987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nia","family":"Goulden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health Bangor University  Bangor Gwynedd UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Barnicot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health &amp; Medical Sciences St George's, University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kieron","family":"Corrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Research and Development Blackberry Hill Hospital  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Hollins Park  Warrington UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Guillemard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford  Headington UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Violet","family":"Effiom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust (CWPT)  Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Development, Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust Kingsway Hospital  Derbyshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lizwi","family":"Nyathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Office Lincolnshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust  Lincoln UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lyn","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Office Lincolnshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust  Lincoln UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8173-1486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Snehal\u00a0P.","family":"Pandya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Verity","family":"Leeson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health Bangor University  Bangor Gwynedd UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mike\u00a0J.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.1140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000664"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888\u2010018\u20101908\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22340"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579411000812"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900019118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862\u2010015\u20109514\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1260138"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07071079"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.2148"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113587"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.117762"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejtd.2022.100305"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v5.25097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12956"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cloitre M. M.Shevlin C. R.Brewin et\u00a0al.2019. \u201cInternational Trauma Questionnaire [Dataset].\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/t73478\u2010000.","DOI":"10.1037\/t73478-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-086593"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.17091006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1998.12.2.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710001662"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749\u20103797(98)00017\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"134","volume-title":"Comprehensive Handbook of Psychological Assessment, 2: Personality Assessment","author":"First M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479\u2010021\u201000155\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejtd.2018.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479\u2010021\u201000146\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","volume-title":"Personality and Personality Disorders","author":"Gunderson J. G.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479\u2010022\u201000208\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2021.1880747"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2020.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.4.490"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2019.1608718"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22444"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12771"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6503_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466508X299691"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22169"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719000436"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.080499"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1637"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1493"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000687"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000258"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010clinpsy\u2010081219\u2010093304"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525\u20101497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2015.1002649"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder. Theory and Method","volume":"51","author":"Linehan M. M.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.693"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1997.11.3.279"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2017.1375338"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.09.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.14070908"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v4i0.19985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","unstructured":"McCroneP. S.Dhanasiri A.Patel M.Knapp andS.Lawton\u2010Smith.2008. \u201cPaying the Price: The Cost of Mental Health Care in England to 2026.\u201dKing's Fund."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13161"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2021.1894805"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.183.3.228"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000551"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37576\/abuse.2021.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.655548"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888\u2010018\u20101975\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2020.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000001722"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22590"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102458\u20107\u201030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2023.102786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2016.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127\u2010002\u20100556\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2017.1400878"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000524"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200208000-00003"}],"container-title":["Personality and Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pmh.70010","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pmh.70010","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pmh.70010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:56:26Z","timestamp":1773010586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pmh.70010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pmh.70010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pmh.70010","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8621","1932-863X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8621","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-863X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70010"}}