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Borderline personality disorder is characterised by emotional instability, impulsive behaviours and difficulties in maintaining stable relationships. Although compassionate acts are known to enhance recovery and well\u2010being, individuals with borderline personality disorder often struggle with these behaviours. This review identifies several key barriers, including adverse childhood experiences, stigma and systemic discrimination, known as sanism, and internal challenges such as self\u2010judgement, shame and fear of compassion. By synthesising findings from 29 studies, this review highlights the complex interplay between these factors and their impact on the ability of individuals with borderline personality disorder to engage in compassionate behaviours. The findings emphasise the need for personalised, trauma\u2010informed therapeutic interventions and broader societal changes to foster a more compassionate environment for individuals with borderline personality disorder. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies, inclusion of individuals with lived experiences and exploring diverse sources of compassion to enhance understanding and support recovery in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.70020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T09:22:31Z","timestamp":1744881751000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring Barriers to Compassionate Acts in Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder: A Critical Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1109-4685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catrin","family":"Street\u2010Mattox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology University of Birmingham  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew\u00a0R.","family":"Broome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology University of Birmingham  UK"},{"name":"Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sucharita","family":"Maji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology  Dhanbad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mental Health, School of Health Sciences University of Nottingham  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lowri","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology University of Birmingham  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology University of Birmingham  UK"},{"name":"Centre for Urban Wellbeing University of Birmingham  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM\u2010III","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"APA Dictionary of Psychology","author":"American Psychological Association","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.748140"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220600975121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"The Kindness Test","author":"Banjeree R.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2020.1819710"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780198527664.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"Beresford P. 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