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Various approaches based on classical test theory and item response theory (IRT) for establishing T\u2010scores were compared, which are assumed to achieve in\u2010creasing levels of accuracy. Three approaches were evaluated: (1) a simple linear conversion of raw scores to T\u2010scores, (2) a normalizing conversion (Rankit), and (3) an approach based on IRT. We compared T\u2010scores resulting from these approaches with IRT\u2010based factor scores. The findings show that the linear approach produced distorted T\u2010scores for many facets of the SIPP\u2010118, especially in the lower, more pathological range of scores. The Rankit and IRT\u2010based approaches yielded in practice almost identical T\u2010scores and both corresponded quite well with factor scores that were actually based on an IRT model for these facets or domain scores. Implications for the practice of establishing T\u2010scores are discussed. IRT provided the most accurate trait estimates, but it requires a complex calculation that takes into account item parameters and the individual's response pattern. Regression\u2010based IRT\u2010score approximations and Rankit\u2010based T\u2010scores yielded adequate estimates as well.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.70030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T06:05:28Z","timestamp":1753337128000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Severity Indices of Personality Problems (SIPP\u2010118): Dutch Norms, T\u2010scores, and Percentile Rank Scores"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3832-8477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin","family":"de Beurs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculteit der Sociale Wetenschappen Universiteit Leiden  the Netherlands"},{"name":"Arkin GGZ  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Weekers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viersprong Institute for Studies on Personality Disorders  Bergen op Zoom the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dineke\u00a0J.","family":"Feenstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viersprong Institute for Studies on Personality Disorders  Bergen op Zoom the Netherlands"},{"name":"Erasmus MC, Department of Psychiatry Section Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"AKWA\u2010GGZ.2017. \u201cGGZ Zorgstandaarden Ernstige Psychiatrische Aandoeningen.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.ggzstandaarden.nl\/zorgstandaarden\/ernstige\u2010psychische\u2010aandoeningen."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM\u20105\u00ae)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Andrea H. 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