{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:41:57Z","timestamp":1792460517978,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Personality &amp;amp; Mental Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We examined the factor structure and convergent validity of the Developmental Profile Inventory (DPI), a self\u2010report assessing psychodynamic personality functioning. The DPI is based on the Developmental Profile model, which integrates psychodynamic theories into a hierarchical developmental framework conceptualizing personality functioning in nine adaptive and maladaptive developmental levels. Each level comprises the following three domains: self, interpersonal functioning, and problem\u2010solving strategies. We used a Norwegian community sample consisting primarily of university and college students spanning a broad age range. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the structural validity of the Norwegian DPI: The nine\u2010factor structure showed acceptable absolute fit and adequate factor loadings, with subthreshold incremental fit index, consistent with the results of the original Dutch validation study. Internal consistency was generally adequate. The scales demonstrated theoretically coherent convergent and discriminant validity, particularly in distinguishing maladaptive from adaptive personality functioning. The six maladaptive scales demonstrated strong to very strong associations with the DSM\u20105 alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD) Levels of Personality Functioning Scale. In contrast, the three adaptive DPI scales had only moderate associations with AMPD impairment in personality functioning but showed meaningful associations with other measures of adaptive functioning. Finally, the DPI scales demonstrated divergent validity relative to personality trait measures, supporting the contemporary distinction between personality functioning and dispositional personality traits. These findings provide preliminary evidence regarding the DPI's factor structure and relations with external measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.70105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:33:20Z","timestamp":1792460000000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Developmental Profile Inventory: Factor Structure and Preliminary Convergent Validity Evidence in a Norwegian Sample"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4544-0558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Leitemo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Group Treatment Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5012-5480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marike","family":"Polak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies (DPECS) Erasmus University Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1940-7463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"van Riel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkin Mental Health Care NPI Top Referent Center for Personality Disorders  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4502-0772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tore","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Language and Intelligence Academy Norwegian Defence University College  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Oslo New University College  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theo","family":"Ingenhoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkin Mental Health Care NPI Top Referent Center for Personality Disorders  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1993.7.2.105","article-title":"The Developmental Profile: The Psychodynamic Diagnosis of Personality","volume":"7","author":"Abraham R. 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