{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:55:38Z","timestamp":1791197738168,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,3]],"date-time":"2005-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proteomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between low\u2010density lipoprotein (LDL) and the risk of atherosclerosis are not clear. Therefore, detailed information about the protein composition of LDL may contribute to reveal its role in atherogenesis and the mechanisms that lead to coronary disease in humans. Here, we sought to map the proteins in human LDL by a proteomic approach. LDL was isolated by two\u2010step discontinuous density\u2010gradient ultracentrifugation and the proteins were separated with two\u2010dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified with peptide mass fingerprinting, using matrix assisted laser desorption\/ionization\u2010time of flight\u2010mass spectrometry and with amino acid sequencing using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. These procedures identified apo B\u2010100, apo C\u2010II, apo C\u2010III (three isoforms), apo E (four isoforms), apo A\u2010I (two isoforms), apo A\u2010IV, apo J and apo M (three isoforms not previously described). In addition, three proteins that have not previously been identified in LDL were found: serum amyloid A\u2010IV (two isoforms), calgranulin A, and lysozyme C. The identities of apo M, calgranulin A, and lysozyme C were confirmed by sequence information obtained after collision\u2010induced dissociation fragmentation of peptides characteristic for these proteins. Moreover, the presence of lysozyme C was further corroborated by demonstrating enriched hydrolytic activity in LDL against\n                    <jats:italic>Micrococcus lysodeikticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These results indicate that in addition to the dominating apo B\u2010100, LDL contains a number of other apolipoproteins, many of which occur in different isoforms. The demonstration, for the first time, that LDL contains calgranulin A and lysozyme C raises the possibility that LDL proteins may play hitherto unknown role(s) in immune and inflammatory reactions of the arterial wall.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200300938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,3]],"date-time":"2005-01-03T04:47:38Z","timestamp":1104727658000},"page":"551-565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":123,"title":["Lipoproteomics I: Mapping of proteins in low\u2010density lipoprotein using two\u2010dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Helen","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Leanderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christer","family":"Tagesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mats","family":"Lindahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1102-1211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.01-0273rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(01)00709-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2265"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00804"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(94)33053-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.44.31286"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.6.884","volume":"48","author":"Ferrer F.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. 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