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Because spore germination and outgrowth occur prior to and are required for disease manifestations, blocking germination and early outgrowth with novel vaccines or inhibitors targeting critical <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic> germination and outgrowth\u2010associated factors is a promising strategy in mitigating bioterror. By screening 587 paired protein spots that were isolated from dormant and germinating anthrax spores, respectively, we identified 10 spore proteins with statistically significant germination\u2010associated increases and decreases. It is likely that proteins whose levels change during germination may play key roles in the germination and outgrowth processes, and they should be listed as priority targets for development of prophylactic and therapeutic agents against anthrax. The 31 new proteins identified in this study also complement an emerging proteomic database of <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200400831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,23]],"date-time":"2004-07-23T03:16:03Z","timestamp":1090552563000},"page":"2653-2661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Identification of <b><i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i><\/b> proteins associated with germination and early outgrowth by proteomic profiling of anthrax spores"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Chun\u2010Ming","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. 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