{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T18:57:02Z","timestamp":1777489022124,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,25]],"date-time":"2005-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proteomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brown spiders of the <jats:italic>Loxosceles<\/jats:italic> genus are distributed worldwide. In Brazil, eight species are found in Southern states, where the envenomation by <jats:italic>Loxosceles<\/jats:italic> venom (loxoscelism) is a health problem. The mechanism of the dermonecrotic action of <jats:italic>Loxosceles<\/jats:italic> venom is not totally understood. Two isoforms of dermonecrotic toxins (loxnecrogins) from <jats:italic>L.\u2005gaucho<\/jats:italic> venom have been previously purified, and showed sequence similarities to sphingomyelinase. Herein we employed a proteomic approach to obtain a global view of the venom proteome, with a particular interest in the loxnecrogin isoforms' pattern. Proteomic two\u2010dimensional gel electrophoresis maps for <jats:italic>L.\u2005gaucho<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>L.\u2005intermedia<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>L.\u2005laeta<\/jats:italic> venoms showed a major protein region (30\u201335\u2005kDa, p<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\u20053\u201310), where at least eight loxnecrogin isoforms could be separated and identified. Their characterization used a combined approach composed of Edman chemical sequencing, matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\/ionization\u2010time of flight mass spectrometry, and electrospray ionization\u2010quadropole\u2010time of flight\u00a0tandem mass spectrometry leading to the identification of sphingomyelinases\u2005D. The venom was also pre\u2010fractionated by gel filtration on a Superose 12 fast protein liqiud chromatography column, followed by capillary liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry. Eleven possible loxnecrogin isoforms around 30\u201332\u2005kDa were detected. The identification of dermonecrotic toxin isoforms in <jats:italic>L.\u2005gaucho<\/jats:italic> venom is an important step towards understanding the physiopathology of the envenomation, leading to improvements in the immunotherapy of loxoscelism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200401096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,25]],"date-time":"2005-04-25T13:17:49Z","timestamp":1114435069000},"page":"2167-2176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Proteome analysis of brown spider venom: Identification of loxnecrogin isoforms in <b><i>Loxosceles gaucho<\/i><\/b> venom"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Leandro F.","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Laugesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elvio D.","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos A. 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