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To investigate the proteins associated with RSA, the protein expression in human follicular fluid was analyzed using 2\u2010DE. Follicular fluid contains a variety of biologically important proteins for oocyte fertilization and follicle maturation in the mammalian reproductive process. Therefore, it can be used as a provisional source for identifying proteins involved in RSA. In this study, we identified five aberrantly expressed proteins (complement component\u2005C3c chain\u2005E, fibrinogen\u2005\u03b3, antithrombin, angiotensinogen, and hemopexin precursor) in follicular fluid from RSA patients with MALDI\u2010TOF\u2010MS and nano\u2010LC MS\/MS. Western blot analysis confirmed that the protein expression level of fibrinogen\u2005\u03b3 and antithrombin was less in follicular fluid from RSA patients than those from normal controls. Semiquantitative RT\u2010PCR and real\u2010time PCR analyses revealed that mRNA level of these coagulation factors was also decreased significantly in chorionic villi of RSA patients compared with normal samples. Taken all together, it is likely that coagulation factors (fibrinogen\u2005\u03b3 and antithrombin) play an important role in maintaining the normal pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200500775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,24]],"date-time":"2006-04-24T12:53:22Z","timestamp":1145883202000},"page":"3445-3454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Proteomic analysis of recurrent spontaneous abortion: Identification of an inadequately expressed set of proteins in human follicular fluid"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Yong\u2010Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung\u2010Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sook\u2010Hwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bum\u2010Chae","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong\u2010Mook","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang Yul","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang\u2010Hyun","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"5","volume":"23","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nat. 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