{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T21:57:34Z","timestamp":1791064654833,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,23]],"date-time":"2008-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1216771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proteomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> is a common, opportunistic, human fungal pathogen that causes a variety of mucosal and systemic afflictions. It exists in nature both in the biofilm or the sessile phase, as well as in the free\u2010floating or the planktonic phase. <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> biofilms, in particular, display unique characteristics that confer survival advantages over their planktonic counterparts, such as their recalcitrance to common antifungals. The mechanisms underlying <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> biofilm formation and their attributes are poorly understood. In this study, we used a 2\u2010DE\u2010based approach to characterize the protein markers that are differentially expressed in <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> biofilms in comparison to their planktonic counterparts. Using tandem mass spectrometric analysis, we have identified a significant number of proteins including alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, thioredoxin peroxidase, and thioredoxin involved in oxidative stress defenses that are upregulated in the biofilm phase. These proteomic findings were further confirmed by real\u2010time PCR and lucigenin\u2010based chemiluminescence assays. In addition, we demonstrate that a drug target for the new antifungal agent echinocandin, is abundantly expressed and significantly upregulated in <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> biofilms. Taken together, these data imply that the biofilm mode, <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>, compared with their planktonic counterparts, exhibits traits that can sustain oxidative stress (anti\u2010oxidants), and thereby exert resistance to commonly used antifungals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200701097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,23]],"date-time":"2008-07-23T18:39:44Z","timestamp":1216838384000},"page":"2936-2947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["<b><i>Candida albicans<\/i><\/b> biofilm formation is associated with increased anti\u2010oxidative capacities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"C. 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