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Liquid\u2010phase IEF has been used to resolve LDL proteins into well\u2010defined fractions on the basis of p<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>, which improves the subsequent detection and resolution of low abundance proteins. Besides known LDL\u2010associated proteins, this approach revealed the presence of proteins not previously described to reside in LDL, including prenylcysteine lyase (PCL1), orosomucoid, retinol\u2010binding protein, and paraoxonase\u20101. PCL1, an enzyme crucial for the degradation of prenylated proteins, generates free cysteine, isoprenoid aldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Addition of the substrate farnesylcysteine to lipoprotein resulted in a time\u2010dependent generation of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> which was stronger in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) than in LDL or HDL, reflecting the greater protein content of PCL1 in VLDL. Farnesol, a dead end inhibitor of the PCL1 reaction, reduced H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> generation by VLDL. PCL1 is generated along with nascent lipoprotein, as shown by its presence in the lipoprotein secreted by HepG2 cells. The finding that an enzyme associated with atherogenic lipoproteins can itself generate an oxidant suggests that PCL1 may play a significant role in atherogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200800566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,27]],"date-time":"2009-02-27T06:38:02Z","timestamp":1235716682000},"page":"1344-1352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Proteomic analysis of human low\u2010density lipoprotein reveals the presence of prenylcysteine lyase, a hydrogen peroxide\u2010generating enzyme"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Banfi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maura","family":"Brioschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Barcella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Wait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shajna","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Rizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Tremoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(74)80064-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)34443-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00804"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R400017-JLR200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M500161-JLR200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000066131.01313.EB"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510600885500"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1615-9861(200201)2:1<58::AID-PROT58>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103182"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)63614-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2683(200108)22:14<3043::AID-ELPS3043>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.85.2.208"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C000616200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(00)00163-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.37.23354"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1997.2391"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M208069200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)41336-7","article-title":"Characterization of disulfide\u2010linked heterodimers containing apolipoprotein D in human plasma lipoproteins","volume":"33","author":"Blanco\u2010Vaca F.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. 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