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During colonization of the gastrointestinal or urogenital tracts, mucosal surfaces, bloodstream, and internal organs,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    thrives in niches that differ with respect to available nutrients and local environmental stresses. Although most studies are performed on glucose\u2010grown cells, changes in carbon source dramatically affect cell wall architecture, stress responses, and drug resistance. We show that growth on the physiologically relevant carboxylic acid, lactate, has a significant impact on the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    cell wall proteome and secretome. The regulation of cell wall structural proteins (e.g.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ht1,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    hr1,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    hr2,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ir1) correlated with extensive cell wall remodeling in lactate\u2010grown cells and with their increased resistance to stresses and antifungal drugs, compared with glucose\u2010grown cells. Moreover, changes in other proteins (e.g.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ls2,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ca1,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    hr1,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ap9) correlated with the increased adherence and biofilm formation of lactate\u2010grown cells. We identified mating and pheromone\u2010regulated proteins that were exclusive to lactate\u2010grown cells (e.g.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    p4,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ga31,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ry1,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    cw4,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Y<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ps7) as well as mucosa\u2010specific and other niche\u2010specific factors such as\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ip4,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ga4,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    lb5, and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ap7. The analysis of the corresponding null mutants confirmed that many of these proteins contribute to\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    adherence, stress, and antifungal drug resistance. Therefore, the cell wall proteome and secretome display considerable plasticity in response to carbon source. This plasticity influences important fitness and virulence attributes known to modulate the behavior of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    in different host microenvironments during infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201200228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,19]],"date-time":"2012-09-19T08:13:58Z","timestamp":1348042438000},"page":"3164-3179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["Carbon source\u2010induced reprogramming of the cell wall proteome and secretome modulates the adherence and drug resistance of the fungal pathogen\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>C<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    <i>andida albicans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Iuliana V.","family":"Ene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberdeen Fungal Group School of Medical Sciences Institute of Medical Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens J.","family":"Heilmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice G.","family":"Sorgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise A.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberdeen Fungal Group School of Medical Sciences Institute of Medical Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris G.","family":"de Koster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol A.","family":"Munro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberdeen Fungal Group School of Medical Sciences Institute of Medical Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frans M.","family":"Klis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alistair J. 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