{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:59:40Z","timestamp":1791331180326,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21-22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]],"date-time":"2014-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proteomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Giardia duodenalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a protozoan parasite of the small intestine in vertebrates, including humans. Assemblage A of\n                    <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is one of the two discrete subtypes that infects humans, and is considered a zoonotic assemblage. Two\n                    <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    Assemblage A strains BRIS\/95\/HEPU\/2041 and BRIS\/83\/HEPU\/106, constituting virulent and control strains respectively, were analyzed in one of the first comparative shotgun proteomic studies performed in this parasite. Protein extracts were prepared using a multiplatform approach with both an in\u2010gel and in\u2010solution sample preparation to enable us to assess the complementarity for future\n                    <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n                    proteomic studies. Protein analysis revealed that BRIS\/95\/HEPU\/2041 possessed a wider and more varied repertoire of variant surface proteins (VSPs), which are hypothesized to be involved in host adaptation, immune evasion, and virulence. A total of 35 VSPs were identified, with three common to both strains, six unique to BRIS\/82\/HEPU\/106, and twenty\u2010six unique to BRIS\/95\/HEPU\/2041. Additionally, up to 25.6% of all differentially expressed proteins in BRIS\/95\/HEPU\/2041 belonged to the VSP family, a trend not seen in the control BRIS\/83\/HEPU\/106. Greater antigen variation in BRIS\/95\/HEPU\/2041 may explain aspects of virulence phenotypes in\n                    <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with a highly diverse population capable of evading host immune responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201400144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]],"date-time":"2014-09-30T05:39:14Z","timestamp":1412055554000},"page":"2523-2534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Proteomic analysis in\n                    <i>Giardia duodenalis<\/i>\n                    yields insights into strain virulence and antigenic variation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Samantha J.","family":"Emery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences Macquarie University  North Ryde New South Wales 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