{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:35:39Z","timestamp":1791272139979,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]],"date-time":"2015-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"ITM Marketing"},{"name":"INTERREG European project \u201cPeReNE\u201d"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proteomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ubiquitin proteasome system contributes to the regulation of intestinal inflammatory response as its inhibition is associated with tissue damage improvement. We aimed to evaluate whether glutamine is able to limit inflammation by targeting ubiquitin proteasome system in experimental colitis. Colitis was induced in male rats by intrarectal instillation of 2\u20104\u20106\u2010trinitrobenzen sulfonic acid (TNBS) at day\u00a01. From day\u00a02 to day\u00a06, rats daily received either an intrarectal instillation of PBS (TNBS\/PBS group) or glutamine (TNBS\/Gln). Rats were euthanized at day\u00a07 and colonic samples were taken to evaluate ubiqutinated proteins by proteomic approach combining 2D electrophoresis and immunoblots directed against ubiquitin. Results were then confirmed by evaluating total expression of proteins and mRNA levels. Survival rate, TNF\u03b1, and IL\u20101\u03b2 mRNA were improved in TNBS\/Gln compared with TNBS\/PBS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Proteasome activities were affected by TNBS but not by glutamine. We identified eight proteins that were less ubiquitinated in TNBS\/PBS compared with controls with no effect of glutamine. Four proteins were more ubiquitinated in TNBS\/PBS group and restored in TNBS\/Gln group. Finally, 12 ubiquitinated proteins were only affected by glutamine. Among proteins affected by glutamine, eight proteins (GFPT1, Gapdh, Pkm2, LDH, Bcat2, ATP5a1, Vdac1, and Vdac2) were involved in metabolic pathways. In conclusion, glutamine may regulate ubiquitination process during intestinal inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201400304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,17]],"date-time":"2015-02-17T06:56:36Z","timestamp":1424156196000},"page":"2198-2210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Glutamine enema regulates colonic ubiquitinated proteins but not proteasome activities during TNBS\u2010induced colitis leading to increased mitochondrial activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Julien","family":"Bertrand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM Unit 1073 Nutrition Inflammation and Gut Brain Axis  Rouen France"},{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine University of Rouen  Rouen 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