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During human blood ingestion, female mosquitoes may transmit different viruses such as dengue, yellow fever and, more recently, zika and chikungunya. Here, we report changes in protein expression in the heads of adult female <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes in response to the ingestion of blood or sugar. Proteins extracted from the heads of <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic> fed exclusively on blood (BF) or sugar (SF) were trypsin hydrolyzed (off\u2010gel) and analyzed by the reverse\u2010phase nano\u2010liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid mass spectrometry. A total of 1139 proteins were identified in female heads, representing 7.4% of the predicted proteins in <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic> genome (total = 15 419 active genes). Gene ontology annotation and categories showed that, in this insect, the head was rich in proteins involved in the metabolic process, proton transport, organelle, macromolecular complex, structural molecule activity, antioxidant activity, and catalytic activity. Our report is the first indicating that many of the annotated genes are translated into functional proteins in heads of adult female <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>. Interestingly, we identified 8.7 times more exclusively expressed proteins involved in signal transduction, replication\u2013transcription\u2013translation (5.5 x), and transport (2.9 x) activity in BF than in SF groups. This paper discusses the protein profile of <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic> female heads and its implications for blood ingestion and carbohydrate intake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201600126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,25]],"date-time":"2016-06-25T04:32:47Z","timestamp":1466829167000},"page":"2582-2586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Comparative proteome analysis reveals that blood and sugar meals induce differential protein expression in <i>Aedes aegypti<\/i> female heads"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Alessandra T.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Qu\u00edmica  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalia F.","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Qu\u00edmica  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele S.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Qu\u00edmica  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel D. T.","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics Unit Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Chemistry Institute  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio Cesar S.","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics Unit Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Chemistry Institute  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilberto B.","family":"Domont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics Unit Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Chemistry Institute  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica F.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Qu\u00edmica  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leandro M.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e Biol\u00f3gicas  Ouro Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcia R.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Qu\u00edmica  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana C. A.","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Qu\u00edmica  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60281-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001792"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.40.010195.002303"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Aedes aegypti: size, reserves, survival, and flight potential","volume":"26","author":"Briegel H.","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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The biology of mosquitoes: development nutrition and reproduction Chapman & Hall London1992.","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851993744.0000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-82"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)38760-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120811-153635"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-566"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-2-34"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002631"}],"container-title":["PROTEOMICS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpmic.201600126","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pmic.201600126","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T11:44:33Z","timestamp":1761047073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pmic.201600126"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pmic.201600126"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pmic.201600126","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1615-9853","1615-9861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1615-9853","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-9861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-03-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-06-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-08-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}