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A bias toward the preservation of the positively charged aromatic, and polar amino acids is observed. It is evident that the 212 proteins identified (2 peptide, FDR &lt;1%) comprise a palimpsest of alterations that occurred both ante\u2010mortem and post\u2010mortem. Conservation of amino acids within the taphonomically resistant crystalline matrix enabled the identification of both X and Y chromosome linked amelogenin peptides. A novel multiple reaction monitoring method using the sex specific amelogenin protein isoforms is described and indicate the teeth are of male origin. Functional analysis shows an enrichment of pathways associated with metabolic disorders and shows a capacity for harboring these conditions prior to death. Stable isotope analysis using carbon isotopes highlights the strongly C<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> based (\u224880%) diet of the Long Long Rak cemetery people, which probably comprised rice combined with protein from freshwater fish among other food items. The combination of proteomics and stable isotope analysis provides a complementary strategy for assessing the demography, diet, lifestyle, and possible diseases experienced by ancient populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201800341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T15:31:45Z","timestamp":1547652705000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Analysis of the Preserved Amino Acid Bias in Peptide Profiles of Iron Age Teeth from a Tropical Environment Enable Sexing of Individuals Using Amelogenin MRM"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Valerie C.","family":"Wasinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre University of New South Wales Sydney  NSW 2052 Australia"},{"name":"Palaeontology, Geobiology and Earth Archives Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney  NSW 2052 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren","family":"Curnoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palaeontology, Geobiology and Earth Archives Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney  NSW 2052 Australia"},{"name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage University of New South Wales Sydney  NSW 2052 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Bustamante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre University of New South Wales Sydney  NSW 2052 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raynold","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palaeontology, Geobiology and Earth Archives Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney  NSW 2052 Australia"},{"name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage University of New South Wales Sydney  NSW 2052 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasmi","family":"Shoocongdej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeology Silpakorn University  Bangkok 10200 Thailand"},{"name":"Interaction between Prehistoric Population and Environments in Highland Pang Mapha Project  Bangkok 10170 Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lewis","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre University of New South Wales Sydney  NSW 2052 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palaeontology, Geobiology and Earth Archives Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney  NSW 2052 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanoknart","family":"Chintakanon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interaction between Prehistoric Population and Environments in Highland Pang Mapha Project  Bangkok 10170 Thailand"},{"name":"Advanced Dental Technology Center Thailand Science Park Amphoe Khlong Luang, Chang Wat Pathum  Thani 12120 Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ceridwen","family":"Boel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palaeontology, Geobiology and Earth Archives Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney  NSW 2052 Australia"},{"name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage University of New South Wales Sydney  NSW 2052 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.C.","family":"Tacon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PERAHU Griffith Centre for Social and Cultural Research &amp; School of Humanities Languages and Social Science Griffith University Gold Coast campus  QLD 4222 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"a)M.Slatkin F.Racimo Proc. 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