{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T21:49:24Z","timestamp":1748468964356},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coaches, athletic trainers (ATCs), and parents\/guardians (parents) are important contributors to the proper identification and management of concussions in student\u2010athletes. However, there are limited studies on the identification of concussion knowledge gaps that will help inform educational efforts and improve concussion outcomes in these groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify gaps and factors influencing concussion knowledge for high school athletics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Public, private, and recreational leagues in New Jersey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>41 coaches, 34 ATCs, and 65 parents of high school student\u2010athletes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 17\u2010item online survey examining concussion knowledge was distributed to coaches, ATCs, and parents. Analyses included ANOVA for between\u2010group comparisons of continuous variables and Pearson's correlations for categorical data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Demographics, concussion knowledge, application of knowledge, access to educational materials, and confidence in the ability to identify concussions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant between\u2010group differences were found for overall knowledge (F[2137]\u2009=\u200911.0, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), factual knowledge (F[2137]\u2009=\u20098.7, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and application of knowledge (F[2137]\u2009=\u20093.5, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.03), with parents scoring lower. Coaches, ATCs, and parents had gaps in factual knowledge of baseline testing scores and identification regarding symptom severity. More coaches (73.2%) and ATCs (97.1%) felt confident in concussion knowledge compared with parents (31.3%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). All groups thought mandatory education, new law, and guidelines were positive in promoting better care of student\u2010athletes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Knowledge gaps were identified in all groups. Educational programs for these groups should consider including targeted techniques, including vignettes, to illustrate application of concussion knowledge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>III.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T02:24:39Z","timestamp":1549506279000},"page":"1107-1114","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Understanding the Level of Concussion Knowledge in High School Sports in New Jersey"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Emerald","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiatry Hospital for Special Surgery  New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Injury Program Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation  West Orange New Jersey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Lequerica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation Research Kessler Foundation  East Hanover New Jersey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Jasey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Injury Program Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation  West Orange New Jersey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Chiaravalloti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation Research Kessler Foundation  East Hanover New Jersey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"What is a concussion?2012.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/headsup\/basics\/concussion_whatis.html. 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