{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T18:19:38Z","timestamp":1781720378273,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although balance is commonly assessed during the recovery of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) values of frequently used balance assessment tools have not been established previously in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the MCID of four balance tests\u2014ie, the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest), Mini\u2010BESTest, Brief\u2010BESTest, and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS)\u2014in individuals post\u2010TKA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outpatient rehabilitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inclusion criteria: (1) first primary TKA with diagnosed knee osteoarthritis; (2) aged 50\u201085\u2009years. Exclusion criteria: (1) TKA due to rheumatoid arthritis of the knee or traumatic injury; (2) known medical conditions that influence balance ability. One hundred forty\u2010six participants were recruited, and 134 of them with complete data were included in the analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants received individualized physiotherapy, consisting of electrotherapy for pain and edema control, mobilization and strengthening exercises, and gait and balance training, once or twice per week between assessments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were assessed on the BESTest, Mini\u2010BESTest, Brief\u2010BESTest, BBS, and Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) 2 and 4\u2009weeks after surgery. The FGA was used as the anchor reference measure to calculate the MCID of the other four balance tests. A distribution\u2010based approach was also employed to derive the MCID (ie, standardized effect size of 0.5).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The BESTest (area under curve [AUC]\u2009=\u20090.811, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.739\u20100.883) had the highest accuracy in detecting clinically important improvements on the FGA (\u22654 points), followed by the Mini\u2010BESTest (AUC\u2009=\u20090.782, 95% CI 0.704\u20100.860), Brief\u2010BESTest (AUC\u2009=\u20090.701, 95% CI 0.618\u20100.795), and BBS (AUC\u2009=\u20090.586, 95% CI 0.490\u20100.682). The anchor\u2010 and distribution\u2010based MCIDs were 6\u20108 for the BESTest, 1\u20102 for the Mini\u2010BESTest, and 2\u20103 for the Brief\u2010BESTest.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Improvements exceeding MCIDs established above are indicative of significant progress in balance function post\u2010TKA. The BBS is not a recommended tool due to its low AUC value.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T07:05:03Z","timestamp":1564470303000},"page":"238-245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Minimal Clinically Important Difference of Four Commonly Used Balance Assessment Tools in Individuals after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Andy C. M.","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Physiotherapy Department Queen Elizabeth Hospital  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Y. 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