{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:06:14Z","timestamp":1791223574679,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effect of exercise programs on reduction of musculoskeletal injury (MSI) risk in military populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Literature Survey<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A database search was conducted in PubMed\/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SPORTdiscus, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal, Open Gray, National Technical Reports Library, and reference lists of included articles up to July 2019. Randomized and cluster\u2010randomized controlled trials evaluating exercise programs as preventive interventions for MSIs in armed forces compared to other exercise programs or to usual practice were eligible for inclusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two authors independently assessed risk of bias and extracted data. Data were adjusted for clustering if necessary and pooled using the random\u2010effects model when appropriate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Synthesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 15 trials in this review, with a total number of 14\u2009370 participants. None of the included trials appeared to be free of any risk of bias. Meta\u2010analysis and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) assessment could be performed for static stretching compared to no stretching (3532 participants), showing low quality of evidence indicating no favorable effect of stretching. Gait retraining, an anterior knee\u2010pain targeted program, and resistance exercises showed cautious favorable effects on reducing injury risk in military personnel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current evidence base for exercise\u2010based MSI prevention strategies in the military is of low quality. Areas worthy of further exploration include the effects of gait retraining, anterior knee\u2010pain targeted programs, agility training, and resistance training programs, on medial tibial stress syndrome incidence, anterior knee pain incidence, attrition due to injuries and any type of MSI, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T22:32:55Z","timestamp":1583965975000},"page":"1028-1037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Exercise Programs to Reduce the Risk of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Military Personnel: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3372-5070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"Dijksma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Master Evidence Based Practice in Health Care Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Defence Healthcare Organisation Ministry of Defence  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilgin G.","family":"Arslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Master Evidence Based Practice in Health Care Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faridi S.","family":"van Etten\u2010Jamaludin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Library Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy G.","family":"Elbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Master Evidence Based Practice in Health Care Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cees","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Master Evidence Based Practice in Health Care Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martijn M.","family":"Stuiver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Master Evidence Based Practice in Health Care Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"380","article-title":"A biomechanical comparison of the running shoe and the combat boot","volume":"147","author":"Moya RG","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199927020-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(00)00114-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(00)00107-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2018-000471"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"\u201cWorld Health Organization\u2014Factsheethttps:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/musculoskeletal-conditions.\u201d[Online]. 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