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In this article, anatomic factors including foot type, metatarsal length, bone density, bone geometry, and intrinsic muscle strength, which each influence how the foot responds to load, are discussed. Biologic factors such as low energy availability and impaired bone metabolism influence the quality of the bone. Finally, the influence of biomechanical loads to bone such as peak forces, load rates, and loading cycles are reviewed. General management of metatarsal BSI is discussed, including acute care, rehabilitation, treatment of refractory metatarsal BSI, and evaluation of healing\/return to sport. Finally, we identify future research priorities and emerging treatments for metatarsal BSI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T11:12:57Z","timestamp":1604661177000},"page":"1281-1290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A Narrative Review of Metatarsal Bone Stress Injury in Athletic Populations: Etiology, Biomechanics, and Management"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Karen L.","family":"Troy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute  Worcester MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene S.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Harvard Medical School  Charlestown MA USA"},{"name":"Spaulding National Running 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