{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:59:18Z","timestamp":1790420358615,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Understanding the prevalence and factors associated with running\u2010related injuries in middle school runners may guide injury prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the prevalence of running\u2010related injuries and describe factors related to a history of injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Survey distributed online to middle school runners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants completed a web\u2010based survey regarding prior running\u2010related injuries, training, sleep, diet, and sport participation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence and characteristics differentiating girls and boys with and without running\u2010related injury history adjusted for age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Youth runners (total: 2113, average age,\u2009\u200913.2\u2009years; boys:<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091255, girls:<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009858).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Running\u2010related injuries were more prevalent in girls (56% vs. 50%,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01). Ankle sprain was the most common injury (girls: 22.5%, boys: 21.6%), followed by patellofemoral pain (20.4% vs. 7.8%) and shin splints (13.6% vs. 5.9%); both were more prevalent in girls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Boys more frequently reported plantar fasciitis (5.6% vs. 3.3%,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01), iliotibial band syndrome (4.1% vs. 1.4%,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001) and Osgood\u2010Schlatter disease (3.8% vs. 1.2%,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001). Runners with history of running\u2010related injuries were older, ran greater average weekly mileage, ran faster, had fewer average hours of sleep on weekends, skipped more meals, missed breakfast, and consumed less milk (all<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Girls with history of running\u2010related injuries reported higher dietary restraint scores, later age of menarche, more menstrual cycle disturbances, and higher likelihood of following vegetarian diets and an eating disorder diagnosis (all<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Runners with no history of running\u2010related injuries were more likely to have participated in \u22652\u2009years of soccer or basketball (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most middle school runners reported a history of running\u2010related injuries and certain injuries differing by gender. Modifiable factors with the greatest association with running\u2010related injuries included training volume, dietary restraint, skipping meals, and less sleep. Sport sampling, including participation in ball sports, may reduce running\u2010related injury risk in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,30]],"date-time":"2021-05-30T18:41:51Z","timestamp":1622400111000},"page":"793-801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["<i>Retracted:<\/i>Running\u2010related injuries in middle school cross\u2010country runners: Prevalence and characteristics of common injuries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell J.","family":"Rauh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctor of Physical Therapy Program San Diego State University San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"DeLuca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margo","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Ackerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine, Boston Children\u02bcs Hospital; Neuroendocrine Unit Massachusetts General Hospital; and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle T.","family":"Barrack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California State University, Long Beach Long Beach California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Heiderscheit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian J.","family":"Krabak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William O.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3966-8070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam S.","family":"Tenforde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"National Federation of State High School Associations. 2018\u20132019 high school athletics participation survey.https:\/\/www.nfhs.org\/media\/1020406\/2018-19-participation-survey.pdf. 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