{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T01:04:40Z","timestamp":1790471080924,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]],"date-time":"2021-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To systematically review the literature on the effect of dual\u2010task testing on the balance and gait of people with lower limb amputations (PLLA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Literature Survey<\/jats:title><jats:p>Databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched in duplicate (inception to December 1, 2020).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inclusion criteria: participants were adults with transtibial, knee\u2010disarticulation, transfemoral, or bilateral lower limb amputations; balance or gait was paired with a secondary task; and studies were peer\u2010reviewed and published in English. Two authors independently reviewed articles and consensus was required. A standardized data extraction sheet was used to gather study relevant information in duplicate. Methodological quality of reporting was examined using the Downs and Black Scale. A meta\u2010analysis was unable to be performed owing to substantial participant and protocol heterogeneity among the studies included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Synthesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 3950 articles screened, 22 met inclusion criteria. Four assessed dual\u2010task balance and 18 dual\u2010task gait. During single\u2010task standing, PLLA demonstrated higher sway distance and sway velocity than controls (CN); however, a greater dual\u2010task effect was observed only for sway velocity. Gait pace, rhythm, variability, asymmetry, and postural control were observed to be worse in PLLA relative to CN during single\u2010task. Dual\u2010task gait testing resulted in a disproportionally reduced pace and rhythm and increased asymmetry in PLLA compared to CN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>People with lower limb amputations have impaired balance and gait, which is affected by dual\u2010task to a greater degree compared to healthy adults. An examination of how PLLA\u2010specific factors such as level of amputation, reason for amputation, and experience with a prosthesis affect dual\u2010task performance has not yet been thoroughly explored. Future research should continue to characterize the cognitive\u2010mobility link to better understand the challenges associated with the use of a prosthesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T12:58:50Z","timestamp":1630414730000},"page":"94-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The effect of dual\u2010task testing on the balance and gait of people with lower limb amputations: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0822-5031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humberto","family":"Omana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University of Western Ontario  London Ontario 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