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Despite the considerable impact of RLP\/PLP on quality of life in persons with amputation, there have been few attempts to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous interventions in the treatment of RLP and\/or PLP. This narrative review evaluates the effectiveness of percutaneous treatments for RLP and\/or PLP in patients after lower\u2010extremity amputation. Peripheral nerve stimulation, alcohol neurolysis, conventional thermal radiofrequency ablation, perineural corticosteroid injection, botulinum toxin injection, and etanercept injection were associated with varying success rates. Wide confidence intervals and small treatment cohorts impede assessments of overall success. High\u2010quality studies of nonsurgical, percutaneous treatments for RLP and\/or PLP are lacking. Well\u2010designed randomized controlled trials and large cohort studies with comparison groups using validated outcomes are needed to determine the effectiveness of nonsurgical interventions for the treatment of RLP and PLP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T09:35:05Z","timestamp":1633858505000},"page":"235-245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Percutaneous treatments for residual and\/or phantom limb pain in adults with lower\u2010extremity amputations: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1776-191X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beau P.","family":"Sperry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cole 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