{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:51:59Z","timestamp":1787820719398,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001502","name":"Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001502","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) results in muscle weakness and impaired somatosensory function of the arm. Current functional assessment is primarily based on clinician\u2010elicited measurements including muscle strength and range of motion. To what extent these measures are representative of real\u2010world arm movement is unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the feasibility of using body\u2010worn accelerometers to remotely assess arm movements in children with NBPP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective criterion validity study of accelerometry versus clinician assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Academic medical center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine adolescents with NBPP and nine age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched control adolescents participated in the study. All were enrolled in school and participated in community activities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Standard clinician\u2010elicited measurements were collected. For assessing spontaneous arm movements, participants wore activity monitors during all waking hours for 7\u2009days. Results were expressed as ratios of affected to unaffected arm motion for duration and magnitude and correlated with traditional clinic\u2010based assessments. Spearman correlations were used to determine relationships between accelerometry results and traditional assessments. A <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value &lt;.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accelerometry measurements of arm motion and traditional clinical assessments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to control ratios, duration of arm movement and magnitude ratios were reduced in the NBPP group, particularly for arm magnitude due to reduced affected arm movement and an increase in unaffected arm movement. Ratios were highly correlated with shoulder function and, to a lesser extent, with elbow function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Real\u2010world arm use is an appropriate outcome measure that reflects functional recovery. This study demonstrates the feasibility of wearable technology to quantify duration and intensity of spontaneous arm movement in children with NBPP. Accelerometry also allows for the association between traditional clinician\u2010elicited assessment measures and spontaneous arm movements, demonstrating the importance of the shoulder as a focus of treatment in NBPP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T16:19:15Z","timestamp":1643559555000},"page":"604-612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Quantifying <scp>real\u2010world<\/scp> upper limb activity via <scp>patient\u2010initiated<\/scp> spontaneous movement in neonatal brachial plexus palsy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Meghan E.","family":"Gatward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel N.","family":"Logue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynda J.\u2010S.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan H.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2014.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.88.3.F185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198411000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00455.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00463.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199905000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"539","volume-title":"Surgical Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves","author":"Birch R","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2015.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2018.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2013.07.018"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"166","article-title":"Obstetrical paralysis of the brachial plexus. 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